forked from rcore-os/zCore
288 lines
9.3 KiB
Markdown
288 lines
9.3 KiB
Markdown
# 在 visionfive 上运行zCore
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## 一. visionfive 开发板烧写
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> **NOTICE** 本文描述的上位机操作在 Ubuntu20.04 上测试可用
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### 1. 在工控机上部署必要服务
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```bash
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# 部署 dhcpd
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# 1. 安装 dhcp3-server
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sudo apt install isc-dhcp-server
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# 2. 设置 dhcp 服务接口，这个接口为实际的物理网卡接口
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vim /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server
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------------------------------------------------
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INTERFACESv4="enp2s0" # 设置 dhcpv4 端口为 enp2s0
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INTERFACESv6=""
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------------------------------------------------
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# 3. 给这个接口配置 IP 地址，并 up 接口
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vim /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml
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-----------------------------------------------------------
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# Let NetworkManager manage all devices on this system
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network:
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version: 2
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renderer: NetworkManager
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ethernets:
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eno1:
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addresses: []
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dhcp4: true
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optional: true
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enp2s0:
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addresses: [192.168.10.10/24]
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gateway4: 192.168.10.1
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nameservers:
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addresses: [114.114.114.114,8.8.8.8]
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dhcp4: no
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------------------------------------------------------------
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sudo netplan appply
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# 4. 设置 dhcp 相关配置
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vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
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----------------------------------------------------
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subnet 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
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range 192.168.10.120 192.168.10.128;
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option routers 192.168.10.10;
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option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
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option broadcast-address 192.168.10.255;
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option domain-name-servers 192.168.10.10;
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}
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-----------------------------------------------------
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# 5. 启动 dhcpd 服务
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systemctl restart isc-dhcp-server
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# 6. 检查 dhcpd 服务状态
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systemctl status isc-dhcp-server
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# 部署 tftpd
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# 1. 安装 tftpd-hpa
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sudo apt install tftpd-hpa
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# 2. 修改配置
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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TFTP_USERNAME="tftp"
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TFTP_DIRECTORY="/root/work/tftpboot" # 此项为 tftp 文件下载路径
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TFTP_ADDRESS=":69"
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TFTP_OPTIONS="--secure"
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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# 3. 启动 tftpd 服务
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systemctl restart tftpd-hpa
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# 4. 检查 tftpd 服务状态
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systemctl status tftpd-hpa
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```
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### 2. 连接工控机和 visionfive 开发板
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```bash
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# 圆头黑色线为工控机电源线
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# 黄色网线是用来板子 dhcp 获取地址的
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# 蓝色网线是工控机用来连接公网下载资源的，这里可以忽略
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# 白色 USB 接口是给板子供电的，5v/3A
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# 黑色 USB 接口是串口控制台
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```
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在工控机上打开串口助手（minicom），开发板上电后，过几秒钟会自动进入 u-boot 命令行模式
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```bash
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Welcome to minicom 2.7.1
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OPTIONS: I18n
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Compiled on Dec 23 2019, 02:06:26.
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Port /dev/ttyUSB0, 12:54:20
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Press CTRL-A Z for help on special keys
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VisionFive #
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VisionFive #
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VisionFive #
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# 此时可以使用 `help` 查看有哪些可用命令
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# 使用 `printenv` 查看配置了哪些环境变量
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# 1. 输入 `dhcp` 命令，让开发板获取 IP 地址
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# 注意此时可能会自动下载服务器中的镜像, 请通过Ctrl+C打断
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dhcp
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# 2. 设置 tftp 客户端地址（本机）
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setenv ipaddr 192.168.10.121 # 设置 dhcp 获取的那个地址
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# 3. 设置 tftp 服务端地址（工控机）
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setenv serverip 192.168.10.10 # 需要与自己 IP 在同一网段
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# 4. 测试一下网络是否通畅
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ping 192.168.10.10 # 试一下ping主机（可选）
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# 5. 保存上述配置
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saveenv # 保存配置到 flash，之后就不再需要配置
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```
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### 3. 制作 itb 格式镜像
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```bash
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# 1. 从 visionfive 官方库下载 `starfive_fb.h` `starfive_vic7100_clk.dtsi` `starfive_vic7100_evb.dts`
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# 2. 使用以下命令编译 dtb
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cpp -nostdinc -I include -undef -x assembler-with-cpp starfive_vic7100_evb.dts starfive.dts.0
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dtc -o starfive.dtb starfive.dts.0 # 预编译的starfive.dtb已放在prebuilt目录
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# 3. 压缩内核镜像到 `z.bin.gz`
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gzip -9 -cvf z.bin > z.bin.gz
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# 4. 制作 itb 文件
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mkimage -f zcore-starfive.its z.itb # zcore-starfive.its即prebuilt目录下的starfive_fdt.its，故也可使用mkimage -f prebuilt/firmware/riscv/starfive_fdt.its z.itb达到相同的效果
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下面是 zcore-starfive.its 内容
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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/*
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* U-Boot uImage source file for "zCore-visionfive"
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*/
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/dts-v1/;
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/ {
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description = "U-Boot uImage source file for zCore-visionfive";
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#address-cells = <1>;
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images {
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kernel {
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description = "Linux kernel for zCore-visionfive";
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data = /incbin/("./z.bin.gz");
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type = "kernel";
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arch = "riscv";
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os = "linux";
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compression = "gzip";
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load = <0x80200000>;
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entry = <0x80200000>;
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};
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fdt {
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description = "Flattened Device Tree blob for zCore-visionfive";
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data = /incbin/("./starfive.dtb");
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type = "flat_dt";
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arch = "riscv";
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compression = "none";
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};
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};
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configurations {
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default = "conf";
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conf {
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description = "Boot Linux kernel with FDT blob";
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kernel = "kernel";
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fdt = "fdt";
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};
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};
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};
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 5. 将 `z.itb` 放入 tftp 服务器指定的下载路径
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cp z.itb /path/to/tftpboot
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```
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### 4. 上传 itb 文件到开发板内存，并从指定位置启动
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```bash
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VisionFive #tftpboot 0xc0000000 z.itb
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Speed: 1000, full duplex
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Using dwmac.10020000 device
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TFTP from server 192.168.10.10; our IP address is 192.168.10.121
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Filename 'z.itb'.
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Load address: 0xc0000000
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Loading: ################################################## 1.5 MiB
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11.4 MiB/s
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done
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Bytes transferred = 1584003 (182b83 hex)
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VisionFive #bootm 0xc0000000
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## Loading kernel from FIT Image at c0000000 ...
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Using 'conf' configuration
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Trying 'kernel' kernel subimage
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Description: Linux kernel for zCore-FU740
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Type: Kernel Image
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Compression: gzip compressed
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Data Start: 0xc00000e8
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Data Size: 1564993 Bytes = 1.5 MiB
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Architecture: RISC-V
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OS: Linux
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Load Address: 0x80200000
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Entry Point: 0x80200000
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Verifying Hash Integrity ... OK
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## Loading fdt from FIT Image at c0000000 ...
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Using 'conf' configuration
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Trying 'fdt' fdt subimage
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Description: Flattened Device Tree blob for zCoreFU740
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Type: Flat Device Tree
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Compression: uncompressed
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Data Start: 0xc017e2ec
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Data Size: 17270 Bytes = 16.9 KiB
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Architecture: RISC-V
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Verifying Hash Integrity ... OK
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Booting using the fdt blob at 0xc017e2ec
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Uncompressing Kernel Image
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Loading Device Tree to 00000000ff6e1000, end 00000000ff6e8375 ... OK
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Starting kernel ...
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boot page table launched, sstatus = 0x8000000200046000
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kernel (physical): 0000000080200000..0000000085ce70b8
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kernel (remapped): ffffffc080200000..ffffffc085ce70b8
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device tree: 00000000ff6e1000..00000000ff6e6000
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hart0 is booting...
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hart1 is the primary hart.
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[ 28.007868 WARN 1 0:0 zcore_drivers::builder::devicetree] device-tree: failed to parsing node "gpio@11910000": InvalidParam
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[ 28.022102 ERROR 1 0:0 zcore_drivers::irq::riscv_intc] invalid SCAUSE value 0xb!
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[ 28.032369 ERROR 1 0:0 zcore_drivers::irq::riscv_intc] invalid SCAUSE value 0xb!
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[ 28.074321 WARN 1 0:0 linux_syscall] brk: unimplemented
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[ 28.082355 WARN 1 0:0 linux_syscall] brk: unimplemented
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[ 28.090609 WARN 1 0:0 linux_syscall::vm] mprotect: unimplemented
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[ 28.100315 WARN 1 0:0 linux_syscall::vm] mprotect: unimplemented
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[ 28.109179 WARN 1 0:0 linux_syscall] getuid: unimplemented
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[ 28.117922 WARN 1 0:0 linux_syscall] getpgid: unimplemented
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[ 28.126330 WARN 1 0:0 linux_syscall] setpgid: unimplemented
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[ 28.134857 WARN 1 0:0 linux_object::fs::stdio] stdout TCGETS | TIOCSPGRP, pretend to be tty.
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[ 28.146419 WARN 1 0:0 linux_object::fs::stdio] stdin TCGETS | TIOCSPGRP, pretend to be tty.
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[ 28.157926 WARN 1 0:0 linux_syscall] geteuid: unimplemented
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[ 28.166389 WARN 1 0:0 linux_syscall] geteuid: unimplemented
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/ #
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```
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## 二. visionfive 移植问题处理
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### 1. 烧录问题
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我们使用 `tftpboot 0xc0000000 z.itb` 命令烧录，这个 `0xc0000000` 地址要留足内核解压后的空间。
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### 2. 内存映射问题
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星光开发板的 u-boot 需要给内核和设备树设置加载位置， 然后通过 `a1` 寄存器将设备树的位置通知内核，实际上设备树被放置到超过 1 GiB 的位置上，而 zCore 只支持 1 GiB，所以报非法内存问题。我们需要修改内存映射布局，修改参考这 2 个commit：
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[commit1](https://github.com/rcore-os/zCore/commit/227956d5df401c8f8f2fa746f8aa911d3530637f)
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[commit2](https://github.com/rcore-os/zCore/commit/16772b9363d02945863008c6a4639ad1cb37eed4)
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### 3. 中断处理中有 bug，需要使用当前核去处理对应中断，修复见
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[commit](https://github.com/rcore-os/zCore/commit/55b3145442f0f70c01527c20e87988d26c01a39b)
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### 4. 串口驱动
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星光开发板支持 `16550` 驱动，只需做相应的代码适配即可，修改见
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[commit](https://github.com/rcore-os/zCore/commit/55b3145442f0f70c01527c20e87988d26c01a39b)
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### 5. 未注册中断处理
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我们发现星光开发板从 `1` 号核心启动后会报一个 `131` 的中断，这个中断在设备树中是没有的，所以也没有在内核中注册，所以会报错，我们在中断处理的时候，将它的优先级降低做屏蔽处理了，见：
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[commit](https://github.com/rcore-os/zCore/commit/55b3145442f0f70c01527c20e87988d26c01a39b)
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