156 lines
4.6 KiB
Markdown
156 lines
4.6 KiB
Markdown
#### 概述
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线程管理。因遵循POSIX标准的线程接口，故称为pthread。
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#### 相关数据结构
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```c
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/* Conditional variable handling. */
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#define PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER { { {0}, {0}, {0, 0}, {0, 0}, 0, 0, {0, 0} } }
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```
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#### 相关函数
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##### 管理tls
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(Thread Local Storage)
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```c
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/* 创建一个新的线程 */
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int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread, const pthread_attr_t *attr, void *(*start_routine) (void *), void *arg);
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/* 加入一个终止的线程。即等待由thread定义的线程结束。
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* 如果retval非NULL，则目标线程把退出状态复制给retval。
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* 返回值：０成功，失败则返回错误号。
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*/
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int pthread_join(pthread_t thread, void **retval);
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/* 获取调用线程的ID */
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pthread_t pthread_self(void);
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```
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##### 管理cancel
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```c
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int pthread_setcancelstate(int, int *);
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int pthread_setcanceltype(int, int *);
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void pthread_testcancel(void);
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/* 向线程发送一个取消请求 */
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int pthread_cancel(pthread_t);
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```
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##### 管理互斥锁
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```c
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/* 初始化一个互斥锁 */
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int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex,
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const pthread_mutexattr_t *restrict attr);
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/* 给互斥区上锁。如已上锁则调用线程阻塞。 */
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int pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
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/* 释放互斥锁 */
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int pthread_mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
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/* 给互斥区上锁。如已上锁则主即返回不会阻塞调用线程。 */
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int pthread_mutex_trylock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
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/* */
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int pthread_mutex_timedlock(pthread_mutex_t *__restrict, const struct timespec *__restrict);
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/* 销毁一个互斥锁 */
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int pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
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/* */
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int pthread_mutex_consistent(pthread_mutex_t *);
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```
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##### 互斥锁的属性
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```c
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int pthread_mutexattr_destroy(pthread_mutexattr_t *);
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int pthread_mutexattr_getprioceiling(const pthread_mutexattr_t *__restrict, int *__restrict);
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int pthread_mutexattr_getprotocol(const pthread_mutexattr_t *__restrict, int *__restrict);
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int pthread_mutexattr_getpshared(const pthread_mutexattr_t *__restrict, int *__restrict);
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int pthread_mutexattr_getrobust(const pthread_mutexattr_t *__restrict, int *__restrict);
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int pthread_mutexattr_gettype(const pthread_mutexattr_t *__restrict, int *__restrict);
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int pthread_mutexattr_init(pthread_mutexattr_t *);
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int pthread_mutexattr_setprioceiling(pthread_mutexattr_t *, int);
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int pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol(pthread_mutexattr_t *, int);
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int pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(pthread_mutexattr_t *, int);
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int pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(pthread_mutexattr_t *, int);
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int pthread_mutexattr_settype(pthread_mutexattr_t *, int);
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```
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##### 管理条件变量
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```c
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int pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *__restrict, const pthread_condattr_t *__restrict);
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int pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *);
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/* 用于阻塞线程 */
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int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *__restrict, pthread_mutex_t *__restrict);
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int pthread_cond_timedwait(pthread_cond_t *__restrict, pthread_mutex_t *__restrict, const struct timespec *__restrict);
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int pthread_cond_broadcast(pthread_cond_t *);
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/* 给一个等待在条件变量cond的线程发信号，使其脱离阻塞状态 */
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int pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t *);
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```
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##### 管理屏障
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```c
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// 屏障：就是高级的实时线程
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/* 作用：销毁屏障及它使用的所有资源
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* barrier：要销毁的屏障
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*/
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int pthread_barrier_destroy(pthread_barrier_t *barrier);
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/* 作用：为屏障barrier分配资源，并依据属性attr初始化屏障
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* barrier：要分配资源的屏障
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* attr：属性。如为NULL，则使用默认的屏障属性。
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* count：在成功返回前调用pthread_barrier_wait()的线程数。
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*/
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int pthread_barrier_init(pthread_barrier_t *restrict barrier,
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const pthread_barrierattr_t *restrict attr, unsigned count);
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/*
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* 作用：各个设置了屏障的线程通过调用此函数实现同步。
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*/
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int pthread_barrier_wait(pthread_barrier_t *barrier);
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```
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##### 管理tsd
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(Thread Specific Data)
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```c
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/* 创建一个tsd */
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int pthread_key_create(pthread_key_t *, void (*)(void *));
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/* 注销一个tsd */
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int pthread_key_delete(pthread_key_t);
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/* 获取tsd */
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void *pthread_getspecific(pthread_key_t);
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/* 存储tsd */
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int pthread_setspecific(pthread_key_t, const void *);
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```
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##### 调度管理
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```c
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/* 设置线程对CPU的亲和性
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* thread - 要设置的线程
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* cpuset - 要被设置为CPU亲和性掩码的CPU集
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* 返回值 - 0成功，失败则返回非0的错误码。
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*/
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int pthread_setaffinity_np(pthread_t thread, size_t cpusetsize,
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const cpu_set_t *cpuset);
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/* 获取线程对CPU的亲和性 */
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int pthread_getaffinity_np(pthread_t thread, size_t cpusetsize,
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cpu_set_t *cpuset);
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```
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****
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