216 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
216 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
binlog2sql
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========================
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从MySQL binlog解析出你要的SQL。根据不同选项，你可以得到原始SQL、回滚SQL、去除主键的INSERT SQL等。
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用途
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===========
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* 数据快速回滚(闪回)
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* 主从切换后数据不一致的修复
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* 从binlog生成标准SQL，带来的衍生功能
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项目状态
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===
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正常维护。应用于大众点评线上环境。线上环境的操作，请在对MySQL**相当熟悉**的同学指导下进行
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* 已测试环境
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* Python 2.6, 2.7
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* MySQL 5.6
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安装
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==============
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```
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shell> git clone https://github.com/danfengcao/binlog2sql.git && cd binlog2sql
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shell> pip install -r requirements.txt
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```
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使用
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=========
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### MySQL server必须设置以下参数:
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[mysqld]
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server_id = 1
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log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
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max_binlog_size = 100M
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binlog_format = row
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### user需要的最小权限集合：
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select, super/replication client, replication slave
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建议授权
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GRANT SELECT, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO
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**权限说明**
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* select：需要读取server端information_schema.COLUMNS表，获取表结构的元信息，拼接成可视化的sql语句
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* super/replication client：两个权限都可以，需要执行'SHOW MASTER STATUS', 获取server端的binlog列表
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* replication slave：通过BINLOG_DUMP协议获取binlog内容的权限
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###基本用法
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**解析出标准SQL**
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```bash
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shell> python binlog2sql.py -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 -uadmin -p'admin' -dtest -t test3 test4 --start-file='mysql-bin.000002'
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输出：
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INSERT INTO `test`.`test3`(`addtime`, `data`, `id`) VALUES ('2016-12-10 13:03:38', 'english', 4); #start 570 end 736
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UPDATE `test`.`test3` SET `addtime`='2016-12-10 12:00:00', `data`='中文', `id`=3 WHERE `addtime`='2016-12-10 13:03:22' AND `data`='中文' AND `id`=3 LIMIT 1; #start 763 end 954
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DELETE FROM `test`.`test3` WHERE `addtime`='2016-12-10 13:03:38' AND `data`='english' AND `id`=4 LIMIT 1; #start 981 end 1147
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```
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**解析出回滚SQL**
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```bash
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shell> python binlog2sql.py --flashback -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 -uadmin -p'admin' -dtest -ttest3 --start-file='mysql-bin.000002' --start-position=763 --stop-position=1147
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输出：
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INSERT INTO `test`.`test3`(`addtime`, `data`, `id`) VALUES ('2016-12-10 13:03:38', 'english', 4); #start 981 end 1147
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UPDATE `test`.`test3` SET `addtime`='2016-12-10 13:03:22', `data`='中文', `id`=3 WHERE `addtime`='2016-12-10 12:00:00' AND `data`='中文' AND `id`=3 LIMIT 1; #start 763 end 954
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```
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###选项
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**mysql连接配置**
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-h host; -P port; -u user; -p password
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**解析模式**
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--stop-never 持续同步binlog。可选。不加则同步至执行命令时最新的binlog位置。
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-K, --no-primary-key 对INSERT语句去除主键。可选。
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-B, --flashback 生成回滚语句。可选。与stop-never或no-primary-key不能同时添加。
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**解析范围控制**
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--start-file 起始解析文件。必须。
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--start-position/--start-pos start-file的起始解析位置。可选。默认为start-file的起始位置。
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--stop-file/--end-file 末尾解析文件。可选。默认为start-file同一个文件。若解析模式为stop-never，此选项失效。
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--stop-position/--end-pos stop-file的末尾解析位置。可选。默认为stop-file的最末位置；若解析模式为stop-never，此选项失效。
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--start-datetime 从哪个时间点的binlog开始解析，格式必须为datetime，如'2016-11-11 11:11:11'。可选。默认不过滤。
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--stop-datetime 到哪个时间点的binlog停止解析，格式必须为datetime，如'2016-11-11 11:11:11'。可选。默认不过滤。
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**对象过滤**
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-d, --databases 只输出目标db的sql。可选。默认为空。
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-t, --tables 只输出目标tables的sql。可选。默认为空。
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###应用案例
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#### **误删整张表数据，需要紧急回滚**
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闪回详细介绍可参见example目录下《闪回原理与实战》[example/mysql-flashback-priciple-and-practice.md](./example/mysql-flashback-priciple-and-practice.md)
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```bash
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test库tbl表原有数据
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mysql> select * from tbl;
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+----+--------+---------------------+
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| id | name | addtime |
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+----+--------+---------------------+
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| 1 | 小赵 | 2016-12-10 00:04:33 |
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| 2 | 小钱 | 2016-12-10 00:04:48 |
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| 3 | 小孙 | 2016-12-13 20:25:00 |
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| 4 | 小李 | 2016-12-12 00:00:00 |
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+----+--------+---------------------+
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4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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mysql> delete from tbl;
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Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
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20:28时，tbl表误操作被清空
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mysql> select * from tbl;
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Empty set (0.00 sec)
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```
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**恢复数据步骤**：
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1. 登录mysql，查看目前的binlog文件
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```bash
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mysql> show master status;
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+------------------+-----------+
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| Log_name | File_size |
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+------------------+-----------+
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| mysql-bin.000051 | 967 |
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| mysql-bin.000052 | 965 |
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+------------------+-----------+
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```
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2. 最新的binlog文件是mysql-bin.000052，我们再定位误操作SQL的binlog位置。误操作人只能知道大致的误操作时间，我们根据大致时间过滤数据。
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```bash
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shell> python binlog2sql/binlog2sql.py -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 -uadmin -p'admin' -dtest -ttbl --start-file='mysql-bin.000052' --start-datetime='2016-12-13 20:25:00' --stop-datetime='2016-12-13 20:30:00'
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输出：
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INSERT INTO `test`.`tbl`(`addtime`, `id`, `name`) VALUES ('2016-12-13 20:26:00', 4, '小李'); #start 317 end 487 time 2016-12-13 20:26:26
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UPDATE `test`.`tbl` SET `addtime`='2016-12-12 00:00:00', `id`=4, `name`='小李' WHERE `addtime`='2016-12-13 20:26:00' AND `id`=4 AND `name`='小李' LIMIT 1; #start 514 end 701 time 2016-12-13 20:27:07
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DELETE FROM `test`.`tbl` WHERE `addtime`='2016-12-10 00:04:33' AND `id`=1 AND `name`='小赵' LIMIT 1; #start 728 end 938 time 2016-12-13 20:28:05
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DELETE FROM `test`.`tbl` WHERE `addtime`='2016-12-10 00:04:48' AND `id`=2 AND `name`='小钱' LIMIT 1; #start 728 end 938 time 2016-12-13 20:28:05
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DELETE FROM `test`.`tbl` WHERE `addtime`='2016-12-13 20:25:00' AND `id`=3 AND `name`='小孙' LIMIT 1; #start 728 end 938 time 2016-12-13 20:28:05
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DELETE FROM `test`.`tbl` WHERE `addtime`='2016-12-12 00:00:00' AND `id`=4 AND `name`='小李' LIMIT 1; #start 728 end 938 time 2016-12-13 20:28:05
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```
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3. 我们得到了误操作sql的准确位置在728-938之间，再根据位置进一步过滤，使用flashback模式生成回滚sql，检查回滚sql是否正确(注：真实环境下，此步经常会进一步筛选出需要的sql。结合grep、编辑器等)
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```bash
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shell> python binlog2sql/binlog2sql.py -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 -uadmin -p'admin' -dtest -ttbl --start-file='mysql-bin.000052' --start-position=3346 --stop-position=3556 -B > rollback.sql | cat
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输出：
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INSERT INTO `test`.`tbl`(`addtime`, `id`, `name`) VALUES ('2016-12-12 00:00:00', 4, '小李'); #start 728 end 938 time 2016-12-13 20:28:05
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INSERT INTO `test`.`tbl`(`addtime`, `id`, `name`) VALUES ('2016-12-13 20:25:00', 3, '小孙'); #start 728 end 938 time 2016-12-13 20:28:05
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INSERT INTO `test`.`tbl`(`addtime`, `id`, `name`) VALUES ('2016-12-10 00:04:48', 2, '小钱'); #start 728 end 938 time 2016-12-13 20:28:05
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INSERT INTO `test`.`tbl`(`addtime`, `id`, `name`) VALUES ('2016-12-10 00:04:33', 1, '小赵'); #start 728 end 938 time 2016-12-13 20:28:05
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```
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4. 确认回滚sql正确，执行回滚语句。登录mysql确认，数据回滚成功。
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```bash
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shell> mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 -uadmin -p'admin' < rollback.sql
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mysql> select * from tbl;
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+----+--------+---------------------+
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| id | name | addtime |
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+----+--------+---------------------+
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| 1 | 小赵 | 2016-12-10 00:04:33 |
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| 2 | 小钱 | 2016-12-10 00:04:48 |
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| 3 | 小孙 | 2016-12-13 20:25:00 |
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| 4 | 小李 | 2016-12-12 00:00:00 |
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+----+--------+---------------------+
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```
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###限制
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* mysql server必须开启，离线模式下不能解析
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* flashback模式，生成的回滚语句不能超过内存大小(有待优化，mysqlbinlog有同样的问题)
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###优点（对比mysqlbinlog）
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* 纯Python开发，安装与使用都很简单
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* 自带flashback、no-primary-key解析模式，无需再装补丁
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* 解析为标准SQL，方便理解、调试
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* 代码容易改造，可以支持更多个性化解析
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###贡献者
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* danfengcao 维护者 [https://github.com/danfengcao](https://github.com/danfengcao)
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* 大众点评DBA团队 想法交流，使用体验 [dba_op@dianping.com](dba_op@dianping.com)
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* 赵承勇 pymysqlreplication权限bug [https://github.com/imzcy1987](https://github.com/imzcy1987)
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* 陈路炳 bug报告(字段值为空时的处理)，使用体验 [https://github.com/bingluchen](https://github.com/bingluchen)
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###联系我
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有任何问题，请与我联系。微信：danfeng053005 邮箱：[danfengcao.info@gmail.com](danfengcao.info@gmail.com)
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欢迎提问题提需求，欢迎pull requests！
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