Migrate from autoflake, black, isort, pyupgrade, flake8 and pydocstyle, to ruff (#11911)

ruff is faster and handle everything we had prior.

isort configuration done based on the indication from
https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/4670, previousely based on
reorder-python-import (#11896)

flake8-docstrings was a wrapper around pydocstyle (now archived) that
explicitly asks to use ruff in https://github.com/PyCQA/pydocstyle/pull/658.

flake8-typing-import is useful mainly for project that support python 3.7
and the one useful check will be implemented in https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/2302

We need to keep blacken-doc because ruff does not handle detection
of python code inside .md and .rst. The direct link to the repo is
now used to avoid a redirection.

Manual fixes:
- Lines that became too long
- % formatting that was not done automatically
- type: ignore that were moved around
- noqa of hard to fix issues (UP031 generally)
- fmt: off and fmt: on that is not really identical
  between black and ruff
- autofix re-order in pre-commit from faster to slower

Co-authored-by: Ran Benita <ran@unusedvar.com>

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
 repos:
--   repo: https://github.com/psf/black
+- repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: 24.1.1
+  rev: "v0.1.15"
-    hooks:
+  hooks:
-    -   id: black
+    - id: ruff
-        args: [--safe, --quiet]
+      args: ["--fix"]
--   repo: https://github.com/asottile/blacken-docs
+    - id: ruff-format
-    rev: 1.16.0
-    hooks:
-    -   id: blacken-docs
-        additional_dependencies: [black==24.1.1]
 -   repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
     rev: v4.5.0
     hooks:
@@ -20,33 +16,11 @@ repos:
     -   id: debug-statements
         exclude: _pytest/(debugging|hookspec).py
         language_version: python3
--   repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/autoflake
+-   repo: https://github.com/adamchainz/blacken-docs
-    rev: v2.2.1
+    rev: 1.16.0
     hooks:
-    -   id: autoflake
+    -   id: blacken-docs
-        name: autoflake
+        additional_dependencies: [black==24.1.1]
-        args: ["--in-place", "--remove-unused-variables", "--remove-all-unused-imports"]
-        language: python
-        files: \.py$
--   repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8
-    rev: 6.1.0
-    hooks:
-    -   id: flake8
-        language_version: python3
-        additional_dependencies:
-          - flake8-typing-imports==1.12.0
-          - flake8-docstrings==1.5.0
--   repo: https://github.com/pycqa/isort
-    rev: 5.13.2
-    hooks:
-      - id: isort
-        name: isort
-        args: [--force-single-line, --profile=black]
--   repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-    rev: v3.15.0
-    hooks:
-    -   id: pyupgrade
-        args: [--py38-plus]
 -   repo: https://github.com/asottile/setup-cfg-fmt
     rev: v2.5.0
     hooks:

README.rst

@@ -27,9 +27,6 @@
    :target: https://results.pre-commit.ci/latest/github/pytest-dev/pytest/main
    :alt: pre-commit.ci status
 
-.. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg
-    :target: https://github.com/psf/black
-
 .. image:: https://www.codetriage.com/pytest-dev/pytest/badges/users.svg
     :target: https://www.codetriage.com/pytest-dev/pytest
 

bench/bench.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import sys
 
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     import cProfile
     import pstats

bench/bench_argcomplete.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 # FastFilesCompleter    0.7383    1.0760
 import timeit
 
+
 imports = [
     "from argcomplete.completers import FilesCompleter as completer",
     "from _pytest._argcomplete import FastFilesCompleter as completer",

bench/skip.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import pytest
 
+
 SKIP = True
 
 

bench/unit_test.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from unittest import TestCase  # noqa: F401
 
+
 for i in range(15000):
     exec(
         f"""

doc/en/conf.py

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from _pytest import __version__ as version
 
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     import sphinx.application
 

doc/en/example/assertion/global_testmodule_config/conftest.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import os.path
 
 import pytest
 
+
 mydir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
 
 

doc/en/example/assertion/test_failures.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import os.path
 import shutil
 
+
 failure_demo = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "failure_demo.py")
 pytest_plugins = ("pytester",)
 

doc/en/example/multipython.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import textwrap
 
 import pytest
 
+
 pythonlist = ["python3.9", "python3.10", "python3.11"]
 
 
@@ -32,14 +33,12 @@ class Python:
         dumpfile = self.picklefile.with_name("dump.py")
         dumpfile.write_text(
             textwrap.dedent(
-                r"""
+                rf"""
                 import pickle
-                f = open({!r}, 'wb')
+                f = open({str(self.picklefile)!r}, 'wb')
-                s = pickle.dump({!r}, f, protocol=2)
+                s = pickle.dump({obj!r}, f, protocol=2)
                 f.close()
-                """.format(
+                """
-                    str(self.picklefile), obj
-                )
             )
         )
         subprocess.run((self.pythonpath, str(dumpfile)), check=True)
@@ -48,17 +47,15 @@ class Python:
         loadfile = self.picklefile.with_name("load.py")
         loadfile.write_text(
             textwrap.dedent(
-                r"""
+                rf"""
                 import pickle
-                f = open({!r}, 'rb')
+                f = open({str(self.picklefile)!r}, 'rb')
                 obj = pickle.load(f)
                 f.close()
-                res = eval({!r})
+                res = eval({expression!r})
                 if not res:
                     raise SystemExit(1)
-                """.format(
+                """
-                    str(self.picklefile), expression
-                )
             )
         )
         print(loadfile)

doc/en/example/xfail_demo.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import pytest
 
+
 xfail = pytest.mark.xfail
 
 

extra/get_issues.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 import requests
 
+
 issues_url = "https://api.github.com/repos/pytest-dev/pytest/issues"
 
 

pyproject.toml

@@ -123,3 +123,58 @@ target-version = ['py38']
 [tool.check-wheel-contents]
 # W009: Wheel contains multiple toplevel library entries
 ignore = "W009"
+
+[tool.ruff]
+src = ["src"]
+line-length = 88
+select = [
+    "D",  # pydocstyle
+    "E",  # pycodestyle
+    "F",  # pyflakes
+    "I",  # isort
+    "UP", # pyupgrade
+    "W",  # pycodestyle
+]
+ignore = [
+    # pycodestyle ignore
+    # pytest can do weird low-level things, and we usually know
+    # what we're doing when we use type(..) is ...
+    "E721", # Do not compare types, use `isinstance()`
+    # pydocstyle ignore
+    "D100", # Missing docstring in public module
+    "D101", # Missing docstring in public class
+    "D102", # Missing docstring in public method
+    "D103", # Missing docstring in public function
+    "D104", # Missing docstring in public package
+    "D105", # Missing docstring in magic method
+    "D106", # Missing docstring in public nested class
+    "D107", # Missing docstring in `__init__`
+    "D209", # [*] Multi-line docstring closing quotes should be on a separate line
+    "D205", # 1 blank line required between summary line and description
+    "D400", # First line should end with a period
+    "D401", # First line of docstring should be in imperative mood
+    "D402", # First line should not be the function's signature
+    "D404", # First word of the docstring should not be "This"
+    "D415", # First line should end with a period, question mark, or exclamation point
+    # Temp for backport 8.0.x
+    "E501",
+    "UP031",
+]
+
+[tool.ruff.format]
+docstring-code-format = true
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.pycodestyle]
+# In order to be able to format for 88 char in ruff format
+max-line-length = 120
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.pydocstyle]
+convention = "pep257"
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.isort]
+force-single-line = true
+combine-as-imports = true
+force-sort-within-sections = true
+order-by-type = false
+known-local-folder = ["pytest", "_pytest"]
+lines-after-imports = 2

scripts/generate-gh-release-notes.py

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ our CHANGELOG) into Markdown (which is required by GitHub Releases).
 
 Requires Python3.6+.
 """
+from pathlib import Path
 import re
 import sys
-from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Sequence
 
 import pypandoc

scripts/prepare-release-pr.py

@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ After that, it will create a release using the `release` tox environment, and pu
 `pytest bot <pytestbot@gmail.com>` commit author.
 """
 import argparse
-import re
 from pathlib import Path
+import re
 from subprocess import check_call
 from subprocess import check_output
 from subprocess import run

scripts/towncrier-draft-to-file.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # mypy: disallow-untyped-defs
-import sys
 from subprocess import call
+import sys
 
 
 def main() -> int:

scripts/update-plugin-list.py

@@ -11,13 +11,14 @@ from typing import TypedDict
 
 import packaging.version
 import platformdirs
-import tabulate
-import wcwidth
 from requests_cache import CachedResponse
 from requests_cache import CachedSession
 from requests_cache import OriginalResponse
 from requests_cache import SQLiteCache
+import tabulate
 from tqdm import tqdm
+import wcwidth
+
 
 FILE_HEAD = r"""
 .. Note this file is autogenerated by scripts/update-plugin-list.py - usually weekly via github action
@@ -85,7 +86,6 @@ def project_response_with_refresh(
 
     force refresh in case of last serial mismatch
     """
-
     response = session.get(f"https://pypi.org/pypi/{name}/json")
     if int(response.headers.get("X-PyPI-Last-Serial", -1)) != last_serial:
         response = session.get(f"https://pypi.org/pypi/{name}/json", refresh=True)
@@ -184,7 +184,6 @@ def iter_plugins() -> Iterator[PluginInfo]:
 
 def plugin_definitions(plugins: Iterable[PluginInfo]) -> Iterator[str]:
     """Return RST for the plugin list that fits better on a vertical page."""
-
     for plugin in plugins:
         yield dedent(
             f"""

src/_pytest/_argcomplete.py

@@ -63,9 +63,9 @@ If things do not work right away:
 """
 
 import argparse
+from glob import glob
 import os
 import sys
-from glob import glob
 from typing import Any
 from typing import List
 from typing import Optional

src/_pytest/_code/__init__.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from .code import TracebackEntry
 from .source import getrawcode
 from .source import Source
 
+
 __all__ = [
     "Code",
     "ExceptionInfo",

src/_pytest/_code/code.py

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 import ast
 import dataclasses
 import inspect
-import os
-import re
-import sys
-import traceback
 from inspect import CO_VARARGS
 from inspect import CO_VARKEYWORDS
 from io import StringIO
+import os
 from pathlib import Path
+import re
+import sys
+import traceback
 from traceback import format_exception_only
 from types import CodeType
 from types import FrameType
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ from _pytest.deprecated import check_ispytest
 from _pytest.pathlib import absolutepath
 from _pytest.pathlib import bestrelpath
 
+
 if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 11):
     from exceptiongroup import BaseExceptionGroup
 
@@ -277,9 +278,9 @@ class TracebackEntry:
 
         Mostly for internal use.
         """
-        tbh: Union[bool, Callable[[Optional[ExceptionInfo[BaseException]]], bool]] = (
+        tbh: Union[
-            False
+            bool, Callable[[Optional[ExceptionInfo[BaseException]]], bool]
-        )
+        ] = False
         for maybe_ns_dct in (self.frame.f_locals, self.frame.f_globals):
             # in normal cases, f_locals and f_globals are dictionaries
             # however via `exec(...)` / `eval(...)` they can be other types
@@ -376,10 +377,12 @@ class Traceback(List[TracebackEntry]):
         return self
 
     @overload
-    def __getitem__(self, key: "SupportsIndex") -> TracebackEntry: ...
+    def __getitem__(self, key: "SupportsIndex") -> TracebackEntry:
+        ...
 
     @overload
-    def __getitem__(self, key: slice) -> "Traceback": ...
+    def __getitem__(self, key: slice) -> "Traceback":
+        ...
 
     def __getitem__(
         self, key: Union["SupportsIndex", slice]
@@ -484,9 +487,10 @@ class ExceptionInfo(Generic[E]):
 
         .. versionadded:: 7.4
         """
-        assert (
+        assert exception.__traceback__, (
-            exception.__traceback__
+            "Exceptions passed to ExcInfo.from_exception(...)"
-        ), "Exceptions passed to ExcInfo.from_exception(...) must have a non-None __traceback__."
+            " must have a non-None __traceback__."
+        )
         exc_info = (type(exception), exception, exception.__traceback__)
         return cls.from_exc_info(exc_info, exprinfo)
 
@@ -585,9 +589,7 @@ class ExceptionInfo(Generic[E]):
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         if self._excinfo is None:
             return "<ExceptionInfo for raises contextmanager>"
-        return "<{} {} tblen={}>".format(
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {saferepr(self._excinfo[1])} tblen={len(self.traceback)}>"
-            self.__class__.__name__, saferepr(self._excinfo[1]), len(self.traceback)
-        )
 
     def exconly(self, tryshort: bool = False) -> str:
         """Return the exception as a string.
@@ -1015,13 +1017,8 @@ class FormattedExcinfo:
             extraline: Optional[str] = (
                 "!!! Recursion error detected, but an error occurred locating the origin of recursion.\n"
                 "  The following exception happened when comparing locals in the stack frame:\n"
-                "    {exc_type}: {exc_msg}\n"
+                f"    {type(e).__name__}: {str(e)}\n"
-                "  Displaying first and last {max_frames} stack frames out of {total}."
+                f"  Displaying first and last {max_frames} stack frames out of {len(traceback)}."
-            ).format(
-                exc_type=type(e).__name__,
-                exc_msg=str(e),
-                max_frames=max_frames,
-                total=len(traceback),
             )
             # Type ignored because adding two instances of a List subtype
             # currently incorrectly has type List instead of the subtype.
@@ -1053,13 +1050,13 @@ class FormattedExcinfo:
                 # full support for exception groups added to ExceptionInfo.
                 # See https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9159
                 if isinstance(e, BaseExceptionGroup):
-                    reprtraceback: Union[ReprTracebackNative, ReprTraceback] = (
+                    reprtraceback: Union[
-                        ReprTracebackNative(
+                        ReprTracebackNative, ReprTraceback
-                            traceback.format_exception(
+                    ] = ReprTracebackNative(
-                                type(excinfo_.value),
+                        traceback.format_exception(
-                                excinfo_.value,
+                            type(excinfo_.value),
-                                excinfo_.traceback[0]._rawentry,
+                            excinfo_.value,
-                            )
+                            excinfo_.traceback[0]._rawentry,
                         )
                     )
                 else:
@@ -1228,7 +1225,6 @@ class ReprEntry(TerminalRepr):
         the "E" prefix) using syntax highlighting, taking care to not highlighting the ">"
         character, as doing so might break line continuations.
         """
-
         if not self.lines:
             return
 

src/_pytest/_code/source.py

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 import ast
+from bisect import bisect_right
 import inspect
 import textwrap
 import tokenize
 import types
-import warnings
-from bisect import bisect_right
 from typing import Iterable
 from typing import Iterator
 from typing import List
@@ -12,6 +11,7 @@ from typing import Optional
 from typing import overload
 from typing import Tuple
 from typing import Union
+import warnings
 
 
 class Source:
@@ -46,10 +46,12 @@ class Source:
     __hash__ = None  # type: ignore
 
     @overload
-    def __getitem__(self, key: int) -> str: ...
+    def __getitem__(self, key: int) -> str:
+        ...
 
     @overload
-    def __getitem__(self, key: slice) -> "Source": ...
+    def __getitem__(self, key: slice) -> "Source":
+        ...
 
     def __getitem__(self, key: Union[int, slice]) -> Union[str, "Source"]:
         if isinstance(key, int):

src/_pytest/_io/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from .terminalwriter import get_terminal_width
 from .terminalwriter import TerminalWriter
 
+
 __all__ = [
     "TerminalWriter",
     "get_terminal_width",

src/_pytest/_io/pprint.py

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
 #  useful, thank small children who sleep at night.
 import collections as _collections
 import dataclasses as _dataclasses
+from io import StringIO as _StringIO
 import re
 import types as _types
-from io import StringIO as _StringIO
 from typing import Any
 from typing import Callable
 from typing import Dict

src/_pytest/_io/saferepr.py

@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ def _format_repr_exception(exc: BaseException, obj: object) -> str:
         raise
     except BaseException as exc:
         exc_info = f"unpresentable exception ({_try_repr_or_str(exc)})"
-    return "<[{} raised in repr()] {} object at 0x{:x}>".format(
+    return (
-        exc_info, type(obj).__name__, id(obj)
+        f"<[{exc_info} raised in repr()] {type(obj).__name__} object at 0x{id(obj):x}>"
     )
 
 
@@ -108,7 +108,6 @@ def saferepr(
     This function is a wrapper around the Repr/reprlib functionality of the
     stdlib.
     """
-
     return SafeRepr(maxsize, use_ascii).repr(obj)
 
 

src/_pytest/_io/terminalwriter.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from typing import TextIO
 
 from .wcwidth import wcswidth
 
+
 # This code was initially copied from py 1.8.1, file _io/terminalwriter.py.
 
 
@@ -183,9 +184,7 @@ class TerminalWriter:
         """
         if indents and len(indents) != len(lines):
             raise ValueError(
-                "indents size ({}) should have same size as lines ({})".format(
+                f"indents size ({len(indents)}) should have same size as lines ({len(lines)})"
-                    len(indents), len(lines)
-                )
             )
         if not indents:
             indents = [""] * len(lines)
@@ -210,8 +209,8 @@ class TerminalWriter:
                 from pygments.lexers.python import PythonLexer as Lexer
             elif lexer == "diff":
                 from pygments.lexers.diff import DiffLexer as Lexer
-            import pygments.util
             from pygments import highlight
+            import pygments.util
         except ImportError:
             return source
         else:

src/_pytest/_io/wcwidth.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import unicodedata
 from functools import lru_cache
+import unicodedata
 
 
 @lru_cache(100)

src/_pytest/_py/error.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from typing import Callable
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from typing import TypeVar
 
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from typing_extensions import ParamSpec
 

src/_pytest/_py/path.py

@@ -3,15 +3,11 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import atexit
+from contextlib import contextmanager
 import fnmatch
 import importlib.util
 import io
 import os
-import posixpath
-import sys
-import uuid
-import warnings
-from contextlib import contextmanager
 from os.path import abspath
 from os.path import dirname
 from os.path import exists
@@ -20,18 +16,23 @@ from os.path import isdir
 from os.path import isfile
 from os.path import islink
 from os.path import normpath
+import posixpath
 from stat import S_ISDIR
 from stat import S_ISLNK
 from stat import S_ISREG
+import sys
 from typing import Any
 from typing import Callable
 from typing import cast
 from typing import Literal
 from typing import overload
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+import uuid
+import warnings
 
 from . import error
 
+
 # Moved from local.py.
 iswin32 = sys.platform == "win32" or (getattr(os, "_name", False) == "nt")
 
@@ -204,10 +205,12 @@ class Stat:
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
         @property
-        def size(self) -> int: ...
+        def size(self) -> int:
+            ...
 
         @property
-        def mtime(self) -> float: ...
+        def mtime(self) -> float:
+            ...
 
     def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
         return getattr(self._osstatresult, "st_" + name)
@@ -674,7 +677,7 @@ class LocalPath:
         else:
             kw.setdefault("dirname", dirname)
         kw.setdefault("sep", self.sep)
-        obj.strpath = normpath("%(dirname)s%(sep)s%(basename)s" % kw)
+        obj.strpath = normpath("{dirname}{sep}{basename}".format(**kw))
         return obj
 
     def _getbyspec(self, spec: str) -> list[str]:
@@ -759,7 +762,10 @@ class LocalPath:
             #   expected "Callable[[str, Any, Any], TextIOWrapper]"  [arg-type]
             # Which seems incorrect, given io.open supports the given argument types.
             return error.checked_call(
-                io.open, self.strpath, mode, encoding=encoding  # type:ignore[arg-type]
+                io.open,
+                self.strpath,
+                mode,
+                encoding=encoding,  # type:ignore[arg-type]
             )
         return error.checked_call(open, self.strpath, mode)
 
@@ -778,11 +784,11 @@ class LocalPath:
 
         valid checkers::
 
-            file=1    # is a file
+            file = 1  # is a file
-            file=0    # is not a file (may not even exist)
+            file = 0  # is not a file (may not even exist)
-            dir=1     # is a dir
+            dir = 1  # is a dir
-            link=1    # is a link
+            link = 1  # is a link
-            exists=1  # exists
+            exists = 1  # exists
 
         You can specify multiple checker definitions, for example::
 
@@ -960,10 +966,12 @@ class LocalPath:
             return p
 
     @overload
-    def stat(self, raising: Literal[True] = ...) -> Stat: ...
+    def stat(self, raising: Literal[True] = ...) -> Stat:
+        ...
 
     @overload
-    def stat(self, raising: Literal[False]) -> Stat | None: ...
+    def stat(self, raising: Literal[False]) -> Stat | None:
+        ...
 
     def stat(self, raising: bool = True) -> Stat | None:
         """Return an os.stat() tuple."""
@@ -1275,7 +1283,8 @@ class LocalPath:
         # error: Argument 1 has incompatible type overloaded function; expected "Callable[[str], str]"  [arg-type]
         # Which seems incorrect, given tempfile.mkdtemp supports the given argument types.
         path = error.checked_call(
-            tempfile.mkdtemp, dir=str(rootdir)  # type:ignore[arg-type]
+            tempfile.mkdtemp,
+            dir=str(rootdir),  # type:ignore[arg-type]
         )
         return cls(path)
 

src/_pytest/assertion/__init__.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from _pytest.config import hookimpl
 from _pytest.config.argparsing import Parser
 from _pytest.nodes import Item
 
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from _pytest.main import Session
 
@@ -129,7 +130,6 @@ def pytest_runtest_protocol(item: Item) -> Generator[None, object, object]:
     reporting via the pytest_assertrepr_compare hook.  This sets up this custom
     comparison for the test.
     """
-
     ihook = item.ihook
 
     def callbinrepr(op, left: object, right: object) -> Optional[str]:

src/_pytest/assertion/rewrite.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """Rewrite assertion AST to produce nice error messages."""
 
 import ast
+from collections import defaultdict
 import errno
 import functools
 import importlib.abc
@@ -10,13 +11,12 @@ import io
 import itertools
 import marshal
 import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from pathlib import PurePath
 import struct
 import sys
 import tokenize
 import types
-from collections import defaultdict
-from pathlib import Path
-from pathlib import PurePath
 from typing import Callable
 from typing import Dict
 from typing import IO
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ from _pytest.pathlib import absolutepath
 from _pytest.pathlib import fnmatch_ex
 from _pytest.stash import StashKey
 
+
 # fmt: off
 from _pytest.assertion.util import format_explanation as _format_explanation  # noqa:F401, isort:skip
 # fmt:on
@@ -671,9 +672,9 @@ class AssertionRewriter(ast.NodeVisitor):
             self.enable_assertion_pass_hook = False
         self.source = source
         self.scope: tuple[ast.AST, ...] = ()
-        self.variables_overwrite: defaultdict[tuple[ast.AST, ...], Dict[str, str]] = (
+        self.variables_overwrite: defaultdict[
-            defaultdict(dict)
+            tuple[ast.AST, ...], Dict[str, str]
-        )
+        ] = defaultdict(dict)
 
     def run(self, mod: ast.Module) -> None:
         """Find all assert statements in *mod* and rewrite them."""
@@ -1019,9 +1020,7 @@ class AssertionRewriter(ast.NodeVisitor):
                     ]
                 ):
                     pytest_temp = self.variable()
-                    self.variables_overwrite[self.scope][
+                    self.variables_overwrite[self.scope][v.left.target.id] = v.left  # type:ignore[assignment]
-                        v.left.target.id
-                    ] = v.left  # type:ignore[assignment]
                     v.left.target.id = pytest_temp
             self.push_format_context()
             res, expl = self.visit(v)
@@ -1065,9 +1064,7 @@ class AssertionRewriter(ast.NodeVisitor):
             if isinstance(arg, ast.Name) and arg.id in self.variables_overwrite.get(
                 self.scope, {}
             ):
-                arg = self.variables_overwrite[self.scope][
+                arg = self.variables_overwrite[self.scope][arg.id]  # type:ignore[assignment]
-                    arg.id
-                ]  # type:ignore[assignment]
             res, expl = self.visit(arg)
             arg_expls.append(expl)
             new_args.append(res)
@@ -1075,9 +1072,7 @@ class AssertionRewriter(ast.NodeVisitor):
             if isinstance(
                 keyword.value, ast.Name
             ) and keyword.value.id in self.variables_overwrite.get(self.scope, {}):
-                keyword.value = self.variables_overwrite[self.scope][
+                keyword.value = self.variables_overwrite[self.scope][keyword.value.id]  # type:ignore[assignment]
-                    keyword.value.id
-                ]  # type:ignore[assignment]
             res, expl = self.visit(keyword.value)
             new_kwargs.append(ast.keyword(keyword.arg, res))
             if keyword.arg:
@@ -1114,13 +1109,9 @@ class AssertionRewriter(ast.NodeVisitor):
         if isinstance(
             comp.left, ast.Name
         ) and comp.left.id in self.variables_overwrite.get(self.scope, {}):
-            comp.left = self.variables_overwrite[self.scope][
+            comp.left = self.variables_overwrite[self.scope][comp.left.id]  # type:ignore[assignment]
-                comp.left.id
-            ]  # type:ignore[assignment]
         if isinstance(comp.left, ast.NamedExpr):
-            self.variables_overwrite[self.scope][
+            self.variables_overwrite[self.scope][comp.left.target.id] = comp.left  # type:ignore[assignment]
-                comp.left.target.id
-            ] = comp.left  # type:ignore[assignment]
         left_res, left_expl = self.visit(comp.left)
         if isinstance(comp.left, (ast.Compare, ast.BoolOp)):
             left_expl = f"({left_expl})"
@@ -1138,9 +1129,7 @@ class AssertionRewriter(ast.NodeVisitor):
                 and next_operand.target.id == left_res.id
             ):
                 next_operand.target.id = self.variable()
-                self.variables_overwrite[self.scope][
+                self.variables_overwrite[self.scope][left_res.id] = next_operand  # type:ignore[assignment]
-                    left_res.id
-                ] = next_operand  # type:ignore[assignment]
             next_res, next_expl = self.visit(next_operand)
             if isinstance(next_operand, (ast.Compare, ast.BoolOp)):
                 next_expl = f"({next_expl})"

src/_pytest/assertion/truncate.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from _pytest.assertion import util
 from _pytest.config import Config
 from _pytest.nodes import Item
 
+
 DEFAULT_MAX_LINES = 8
 DEFAULT_MAX_CHARS = 8 * 80
 USAGE_MSG = "use '-vv' to show"

src/_pytest/assertion/util.py

@@ -15,13 +15,14 @@ from typing import Protocol
 from typing import Sequence
 from unicodedata import normalize
 
-import _pytest._code
 from _pytest import outcomes
+import _pytest._code
 from _pytest._io.pprint import PrettyPrinter
 from _pytest._io.saferepr import saferepr
 from _pytest._io.saferepr import saferepr_unlimited
 from _pytest.config import Config
 
+
 # The _reprcompare attribute on the util module is used by the new assertion
 # interpretation code and assertion rewriter to detect this plugin was
 # loaded and in turn call the hooks defined here as part of the
@@ -302,8 +303,8 @@ def _diff_text(left: str, right: str, verbose: int = 0) -> List[str]:
             if i > 42:
                 i -= 10  # Provide some context
                 explanation += [
-                    "Skipping {} identical trailing "
+                    f"Skipping {i} identical trailing "
-                    "characters in diff, use -v to show".format(i)
+                    "characters in diff, use -v to show"
                 ]
                 left = left[:-i]
                 right = right[:-i]

src/_pytest/cacheprovider.py

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ from _pytest.nodes import Directory
 from _pytest.nodes import File
 from _pytest.reports import TestReport
 
+
 README_CONTENT = """\
 # pytest cache directory #
 
@@ -368,15 +369,13 @@ class LFPlugin:
 
                 noun = "failure" if self._previously_failed_count == 1 else "failures"
                 suffix = " first" if self.config.getoption("failedfirst") else ""
-                self._report_status = "rerun previous {count} {noun}{suffix}".format(
+                self._report_status = (
-                    count=self._previously_failed_count, suffix=suffix, noun=noun
+                    f"rerun previous {self._previously_failed_count} {noun}{suffix}"
                 )
 
             if self._skipped_files > 0:
                 files_noun = "file" if self._skipped_files == 1 else "files"
-                self._report_status += " (skipped {files} {files_noun})".format(
+                self._report_status += f" (skipped {self._skipped_files} {files_noun})"
-                    files=self._skipped_files, files_noun=files_noun
-                )
         else:
             self._report_status = "no previously failed tests, "
             if self.config.getoption("last_failed_no_failures") == "none":

src/_pytest/capture.py

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ import abc
 import collections
 import contextlib
 import io
+from io import UnsupportedOperation
 import os
 import sys
-from io import UnsupportedOperation
 from tempfile import TemporaryFile
 from types import TracebackType
 from typing import Any
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ from _pytest.nodes import File
 from _pytest.nodes import Item
 from _pytest.reports import CollectReport
 
+
 _CaptureMethod = Literal["fd", "sys", "no", "tee-sys"]
 
 
@@ -790,9 +791,7 @@ class CaptureManager:
             current_fixture = self._capture_fixture.request.fixturename
             requested_fixture = capture_fixture.request.fixturename
             capture_fixture.request.raiseerror(
-                "cannot use {} and {} at the same time".format(
+                f"cannot use {requested_fixture} and {current_fixture} at the same time"
-                    requested_fixture, current_fixture
-                )
             )
         self._capture_fixture = capture_fixture
 
@@ -988,7 +987,6 @@ def capsys(request: SubRequest) -> Generator[CaptureFixture[str], None, None]:
     Returns an instance of :class:`CaptureFixture[str] <pytest.CaptureFixture>`.
 
     Example:
-
     .. code-block:: python
 
         def test_output(capsys):
@@ -1016,7 +1014,6 @@ def capsysbinary(request: SubRequest) -> Generator[CaptureFixture[bytes], None,
     Returns an instance of :class:`CaptureFixture[bytes] <pytest.CaptureFixture>`.
 
     Example:
-
     .. code-block:: python
 
         def test_output(capsysbinary):
@@ -1044,7 +1041,6 @@ def capfd(request: SubRequest) -> Generator[CaptureFixture[str], None, None]:
     Returns an instance of :class:`CaptureFixture[str] <pytest.CaptureFixture>`.
 
     Example:
-
     .. code-block:: python
 
         def test_system_echo(capfd):
@@ -1072,7 +1068,6 @@ def capfdbinary(request: SubRequest) -> Generator[CaptureFixture[bytes], None, N
     Returns an instance of :class:`CaptureFixture[bytes] <pytest.CaptureFixture>`.
 
     Example:
-
     .. code-block:: python
 
         def test_system_echo(capfdbinary):

src/_pytest/compat.py

@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ import dataclasses
 import enum
 import functools
 import inspect
-import os
-import sys
 from inspect import Parameter
 from inspect import signature
+import os
 from pathlib import Path
+import sys
 from typing import Any
 from typing import Callable
 from typing import Final
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from typing import TypeVar
 
 import py
 
+
 _T = TypeVar("_T")
 _S = TypeVar("_S")
 
@@ -258,9 +259,7 @@ def get_real_func(obj):
         from _pytest._io.saferepr import saferepr
 
         raise ValueError(
-            ("could not find real function of {start}\nstopped at {current}").format(
+            f"could not find real function of {saferepr(start_obj)}\nstopped at {saferepr(obj)}"
-                start=saferepr(start_obj), current=saferepr(obj)
-            )
         )
     if isinstance(obj, functools.partial):
         obj = obj.func

src/_pytest/config/__init__.py

@@ -5,18 +5,17 @@ import collections.abc
 import copy
 import dataclasses
 import enum
+from functools import lru_cache
 import glob
 import importlib.metadata
 import inspect
 import os
+from pathlib import Path
 import re
 import shlex
 import sys
-import types
-import warnings
-from functools import lru_cache
-from pathlib import Path
 from textwrap import dedent
+import types
 from types import FunctionType
 from types import TracebackType
 from typing import Any
@@ -38,6 +37,7 @@ from typing import Tuple
 from typing import Type
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from typing import Union
+import warnings
 
 import pluggy
 from pluggy import HookimplMarker
@@ -46,16 +46,16 @@ from pluggy import HookspecMarker
 from pluggy import HookspecOpts
 from pluggy import PluginManager
 
-import _pytest._code
-import _pytest.deprecated
-import _pytest.hookspec
 from .compat import PathAwareHookProxy
 from .exceptions import PrintHelp as PrintHelp
 from .exceptions import UsageError as UsageError
 from .findpaths import determine_setup
+import _pytest._code
 from _pytest._code import ExceptionInfo
 from _pytest._code import filter_traceback
 from _pytest._io import TerminalWriter
+import _pytest.deprecated
+import _pytest.hookspec
 from _pytest.outcomes import fail
 from _pytest.outcomes import Skipped
 from _pytest.pathlib import absolutepath
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ from _pytest.stash import Stash
 from _pytest.warning_types import PytestConfigWarning
 from _pytest.warning_types import warn_explicit_for
 
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from .argparsing import Argument
     from .argparsing import Parser
@@ -123,9 +124,7 @@ class ConftestImportFailure(Exception):
         self.excinfo = excinfo
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return "{}: {} (from {})".format(
+        return f"{self.excinfo[0].__name__}: {self.excinfo[1]} (from {self.path})"
-            self.excinfo[0].__name__, self.excinfo[1], self.path
-        )
 
 
 def filter_traceback_for_conftest_import_failure(
@@ -814,7 +813,7 @@ class PytestPluginManager(PluginManager):
 
 
 def _get_plugin_specs_as_list(
-    specs: Union[None, types.ModuleType, str, Sequence[str]]
+    specs: Union[None, types.ModuleType, str, Sequence[str]],
 ) -> List[str]:
     """Parse a plugins specification into a list of plugin names."""
     # None means empty.
@@ -1626,9 +1625,7 @@ class Config:
                 key, user_ini_value = ini_config.split("=", 1)
             except ValueError as e:
                 raise UsageError(
-                    "-o/--override-ini expects option=value style (got: {!r}).".format(
+                    f"-o/--override-ini expects option=value style (got: {ini_config!r})."
-                        ini_config
-                    )
                 ) from e
             else:
                 if key == name:
@@ -1686,7 +1683,6 @@ class Config:
         can be used to explicitly use the global verbosity level.
 
         Example:
-
         .. code-block:: ini
 
             # content of pytest.ini

src/_pytest/config/argparsing.py

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 import argparse
+from gettext import gettext
 import os
 import sys
-import warnings
-from gettext import gettext
 from typing import Any
 from typing import Callable
 from typing import cast
@@ -16,6 +15,7 @@ from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
 from typing import Tuple
 from typing import Union
+import warnings
 
 import _pytest._io
 from _pytest.config.exceptions import UsageError
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ from _pytest.deprecated import ARGUMENT_TYPE_STR
 from _pytest.deprecated import ARGUMENT_TYPE_STR_CHOICE
 from _pytest.deprecated import check_ispytest
 
+
 FILE_OR_DIR = "file_or_dir"
 
 
@@ -219,7 +220,7 @@ class Parser:
 
 
 def get_ini_default_for_type(
-    type: Optional[Literal["string", "paths", "pathlist", "args", "linelist", "bool"]]
+    type: Optional[Literal["string", "paths", "pathlist", "args", "linelist", "bool"]],
 ) -> Any:
     """
     Used by addini to get the default value for a given ini-option type, when
@@ -480,7 +481,7 @@ class MyOptionParser(argparse.ArgumentParser):
         ) -> Optional[Tuple[Optional[argparse.Action], str, Optional[str]]]:
             if not arg_string:
                 return None
-            if not arg_string[0] in self.prefix_chars:
+            if arg_string[0] not in self.prefix_chars:
                 return None
             if arg_string in self._option_string_actions:
                 action = self._option_string_actions[arg_string]

src/_pytest/config/compat.py

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import functools
-import warnings
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Mapping
+import warnings
 
 import pluggy
 
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from ..compat import LEGACY_PATH
 from ..compat import legacy_path
 from ..deprecated import HOOK_LEGACY_PATH_ARG
 
+
 # hookname: (Path, LEGACY_PATH)
 imply_paths_hooks: Mapping[str, tuple[str, str]] = {
     "pytest_ignore_collect": ("collection_path", "path"),

src/_pytest/config/findpaths.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import os
-import sys
 from pathlib import Path
+import sys
 from typing import Dict
 from typing import Iterable
 from typing import List
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ def load_config_dict_from_file(
 
     Return None if the file does not contain valid pytest configuration.
     """
-
     # Configuration from ini files are obtained from the [pytest] section, if present.
     if filepath.suffix == ".ini":
         iniconfig = _parse_ini_config(filepath)
@@ -211,9 +210,7 @@ def determine_setup(
         rootdir = absolutepath(os.path.expandvars(rootdir_cmd_arg))
         if not rootdir.is_dir():
             raise UsageError(
-                "Directory '{}' not found. Check your '--rootdir' option.".format(
+                f"Directory '{rootdir}' not found. Check your '--rootdir' option."
-                    rootdir
-                )
             )
     assert rootdir is not None
     return rootdir, inipath, inicfg or {}

src/_pytest/debugging.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import argparse
 import functools
 import sys
 import types
-import unittest
 from typing import Any
 from typing import Callable
 from typing import Generator
@@ -14,6 +13,7 @@ from typing import Tuple
 from typing import Type
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from typing import Union
+import unittest
 
 from _pytest import outcomes
 from _pytest._code import ExceptionInfo
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ from _pytest.config.exceptions import UsageError
 from _pytest.nodes import Node
 from _pytest.reports import BaseReport
 
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from _pytest.capture import CaptureManager
     from _pytest.runner import CallInfo
@@ -264,8 +265,7 @@ class pytestPDB:
                     elif capturing:
                         tw.sep(
                             ">",
-                            "PDB %s (IO-capturing turned off for %s)"
+                            f"PDB {method} (IO-capturing turned off for {capturing})",
-                            % (method, capturing),
                         )
                     else:
                         tw.sep(">", f"PDB {method}")

src/_pytest/deprecated.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from _pytest.warning_types import PytestRemovedIn8Warning
 from _pytest.warning_types import PytestRemovedIn9Warning
 from _pytest.warning_types import UnformattedWarning
 
+
 # set of plugins which have been integrated into the core; we use this list to ignore
 # them during registration to avoid conflicts
 DEPRECATED_EXTERNAL_PLUGINS = {

src/_pytest/doctest.py

@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 """Discover and run doctests in modules and test files."""
 
 import bdb
+from contextlib import contextmanager
 import functools
 import inspect
 import os
+from pathlib import Path
 import platform
 import sys
 import traceback
 import types
-import warnings
-from contextlib import contextmanager
-from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 from typing import Callable
 from typing import Dict
@@ -24,6 +23,7 @@ from typing import Tuple
 from typing import Type
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from typing import Union
+import warnings
 
 from _pytest import outcomes
 from _pytest._code.code import ExceptionInfo
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ from _pytest.python import Module
 from _pytest.python_api import approx
 from _pytest.warning_types import PytestWarning
 
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     import doctest
 
@@ -486,9 +487,9 @@ def _patch_unwrap_mock_aware() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
             return real_unwrap(func, stop=lambda obj: _is_mocked(obj) or _stop(func))
         except Exception as e:
             warnings.warn(
-                "Got %r when unwrapping %r.  This is usually caused "
+                f"Got {e!r} when unwrapping {func!r}.  This is usually caused "
                 "by a violation of Python's object protocol; see e.g. "
-                "https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/5080" % (e, func),
+                "https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/5080",
                 PytestWarning,
             )
             raise

src/_pytest/faulthandler.py

@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@ import os
 import sys
 from typing import Generator
 
-import pytest
 from _pytest.config import Config
 from _pytest.config.argparsing import Parser
 from _pytest.nodes import Item
 from _pytest.stash import StashKey
+import pytest
+
 
 fault_handler_original_stderr_fd_key = StashKey[int]()
 fault_handler_stderr_fd_key = StashKey[int]()

src/_pytest/fixtures.py

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 import abc
+from collections import defaultdict
+from collections import deque
+from contextlib import suppress
 import dataclasses
 import functools
 import inspect
 import os
-import warnings
-from collections import defaultdict
-from collections import deque
-from contextlib import suppress
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import AbstractSet
 from typing import Any
@@ -30,6 +29,7 @@ from typing import Tuple
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from typing import TypeVar
 from typing import Union
+import warnings
 
 import _pytest
 from _pytest import nodes
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ from _pytest.scope import _ScopeName
 from _pytest.scope import HIGH_SCOPES
 from _pytest.scope import Scope
 
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from typing import Deque
 
@@ -606,13 +607,9 @@ class FixtureRequest(abc.ABC):
             fixtures_not_supported = getattr(funcitem, "nofuncargs", False)
             if has_params and fixtures_not_supported:
                 msg = (
-                    "{name} does not support fixtures, maybe unittest.TestCase subclass?\n"
+                    f"{funcitem.name} does not support fixtures, maybe unittest.TestCase subclass?\n"
-                    "Node id: {nodeid}\n"
+                    f"Node id: {funcitem.nodeid}\n"
-                    "Function type: {typename}"
+                    f"Function type: {type(funcitem).__name__}"
-                ).format(
-                    name=funcitem.name,
-                    nodeid=funcitem.nodeid,
-                    typename=type(funcitem).__name__,
                 )
                 fail(msg, pytrace=False)
             if has_params:
@@ -745,9 +742,7 @@ class SubRequest(FixtureRequest):
         if node is None and scope is Scope.Class:
             # Fallback to function item itself.
             node = self._pyfuncitem
-        assert node, 'Could not obtain a node for scope "{}" for function {!r}'.format(
+        assert node, f'Could not obtain a node for scope "{scope}" for function {self._pyfuncitem!r}'
-            scope, self._pyfuncitem
-        )
         return node
 
     def _check_scope(
@@ -851,8 +846,8 @@ class FixtureLookupError(LookupError):
                 if faclist:
                     available.add(name)
             if self.argname in available:
-                msg = " recursive dependency involving fixture '{}' detected".format(
+                msg = (
-                    self.argname
+                    f" recursive dependency involving fixture '{self.argname}' detected"
                 )
             else:
                 msg = f"fixture '{self.argname}' not found"
@@ -946,15 +941,13 @@ def _eval_scope_callable(
         result = scope_callable(fixture_name=fixture_name, config=config)  # type: ignore[call-arg]
     except Exception as e:
         raise TypeError(
-            "Error evaluating {} while defining fixture '{}'.\n"
+            f"Error evaluating {scope_callable} while defining fixture '{fixture_name}'.\n"
-            "Expected a function with the signature (*, fixture_name, config)".format(
+            "Expected a function with the signature (*, fixture_name, config)"
-                scope_callable, fixture_name
-            )
         ) from e
     if not isinstance(result, str):
         fail(
-            "Expected {} to return a 'str' while defining fixture '{}', but it returned:\n"
+            f"Expected {scope_callable} to return a 'str' while defining fixture '{fixture_name}', but it returned:\n"
-            "{!r}".format(scope_callable, fixture_name, result),
+            f"{result!r}",
             pytrace=False,
         )
     return result
@@ -1098,9 +1091,7 @@ class FixtureDef(Generic[FixtureValue]):
         return request.param_index if not hasattr(request, "param") else request.param
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "<FixtureDef argname={!r} scope={!r} baseid={!r}>".format(
+        return f"<FixtureDef argname={self.argname!r} scope={self.scope!r} baseid={self.baseid!r}>"
-            self.argname, self.scope, self.baseid
-        )
 
 
 def resolve_fixture_function(
@@ -1121,7 +1112,8 @@ def resolve_fixture_function(
             # Handle the case where fixture is defined not in a test class, but some other class
             # (for example a plugin class with a fixture), see #2270.
             if hasattr(fixturefunc, "__self__") and not isinstance(
-                request.instance, fixturefunc.__self__.__class__  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+                request.instance,
+                fixturefunc.__self__.__class__,  # type: ignore[union-attr]
             ):
                 return fixturefunc
             fixturefunc = getimfunc(fixturedef.func)
@@ -1216,9 +1208,7 @@ class FixtureFunctionMarker:
         if name == "request":
             location = getlocation(function)
             fail(
-                "'request' is a reserved word for fixtures, use another name:\n  {}".format(
+                f"'request' is a reserved word for fixtures, use another name:\n  {location}",
-                    location
-                ),
                 pytrace=False,
             )
 
@@ -1238,7 +1228,8 @@ def fixture(
         Union[Sequence[Optional[object]], Callable[[Any], Optional[object]]]
     ] = ...,
     name: Optional[str] = ...,
-) -> FixtureFunction: ...
+) -> FixtureFunction:
+    ...
 
 
 @overload
@@ -1252,7 +1243,8 @@ def fixture(  # noqa: F811
         Union[Sequence[Optional[object]], Callable[[Any], Optional[object]]]
     ] = ...,
     name: Optional[str] = None,
-) -> FixtureFunctionMarker: ...
+) -> FixtureFunctionMarker:
+    ...
 
 
 def fixture(  # noqa: F811

src/_pytest/helpconfig.py

@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 """Version info, help messages, tracing configuration."""
 
+from argparse import Action
 import os
 import sys
-from argparse import Action
 from typing import Generator
 from typing import List
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Union
 
-import pytest
 from _pytest.config import Config
 from _pytest.config import ExitCode
 from _pytest.config import PrintHelp
 from _pytest.config.argparsing import Parser
 from _pytest.terminal import TerminalReporter
+import pytest
 
 
 class HelpAction(Action):
@@ -136,9 +136,7 @@ def pytest_cmdline_parse() -> Generator[None, Config, Config]:
 def showversion(config: Config) -> None:
     if config.option.version > 1:
         sys.stdout.write(
-            "This is pytest version {}, imported from {}\n".format(
+            f"This is pytest version {pytest.__version__}, imported from {pytest.__file__}\n"
-                pytest.__version__, pytest.__file__
-            )
         )
         plugininfo = getpluginversioninfo(config)
         if plugininfo:

src/_pytest/hookspec.py

@@ -16,10 +16,11 @@ from pluggy import HookspecMarker
 
 from _pytest.deprecated import WARNING_CMDLINE_PREPARSE_HOOK
 
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     import pdb
-    import warnings
     from typing import Literal
+    import warnings
 
     from _pytest._code.code import ExceptionInfo
     from _pytest._code.code import ExceptionRepr

src/_pytest/junitxml.py

@@ -7,12 +7,11 @@ Output conforms to
 https://github.com/jenkinsci/xunit-plugin/blob/master/src/main/resources/org/jenkinsci/plugins/xunit/types/model/xsd/junit-10.xsd
 """
 
+from datetime import datetime
 import functools
 import os
 import platform
 import re
-import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
-from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Callable
 from typing import Dict
 from typing import List
@@ -20,8 +19,8 @@ from typing import Match
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Tuple
 from typing import Union
+import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
 
-import pytest
 from _pytest import nodes
 from _pytest import timing
 from _pytest._code.code import ExceptionRepr
@@ -33,6 +32,8 @@ from _pytest.fixtures import FixtureRequest
 from _pytest.reports import TestReport
 from _pytest.stash import StashKey
 from _pytest.terminal import TerminalReporter
+import pytest
+
 
 xml_key = StashKey["LogXML"]()
 
@@ -273,9 +274,7 @@ def _warn_incompatibility_with_xunit2(
     if xml is not None and xml.family not in ("xunit1", "legacy"):
         request.node.warn(
             PytestWarning(
-                "{fixture_name} is incompatible with junit_family '{family}' (use 'legacy' or 'xunit1')".format(
+                f"{fixture_name} is incompatible with junit_family '{xml.family}' (use 'legacy' or 'xunit1')"
-                    fixture_name=fixture_name, family=xml.family
-                )
             )
         )
 
@@ -367,7 +366,6 @@ def record_testsuite_property(request: FixtureRequest) -> Callable[[str, object]
         `pytest-xdist <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-xdist>`__ plugin. See
         :issue:`7767` for details.
     """
-
     __tracebackhide__ = True
 
     def record_func(name: str, value: object) -> None:

src/_pytest/legacypath.py

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 """Add backward compatibility support for the legacy py path type."""
 
 import dataclasses
+from pathlib import Path
 import shlex
 import subprocess
-from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Final
 from typing import final
 from typing import List
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ from _pytest.pytester import RunResult
 from _pytest.terminal import TerminalReporter
 from _pytest.tmpdir import TempPathFactory
 
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     import pexpect
 

src/_pytest/logging.py

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 """Access and control log capturing."""
 
-import io
-import logging
-import os
-import re
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from contextlib import nullcontext
 from datetime import datetime
 from datetime import timedelta
 from datetime import timezone
+import io
 from io import StringIO
+import logging
 from logging import LogRecord
+import os
 from pathlib import Path
+import re
 from types import TracebackType
 from typing import AbstractSet
 from typing import Dict
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ from _pytest.main import Session
 from _pytest.stash import StashKey
 from _pytest.terminal import TerminalReporter
 
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     logging_StreamHandler = logging.StreamHandler[StringIO]
 else:
@@ -116,7 +117,6 @@ class ColoredLevelFormatter(DatetimeFormatter):
         .. warning::
             This is an experimental API.
         """
-
         assert self._fmt is not None
         levelname_fmt_match = self.LEVELNAME_FMT_REGEX.search(self._fmt)
         if not levelname_fmt_match:
@@ -183,7 +183,6 @@ class PercentStyleMultiline(logging.PercentStyle):
             0 (auto-indent turned off) or
             >0 (explicitly set indentation position).
         """
-
         if auto_indent_option is None:
             return 0
         elif isinstance(auto_indent_option, bool):
@@ -625,9 +624,9 @@ def get_log_level_for_setting(config: Config, *setting_names: str) -> Optional[i
     except ValueError as e:
         # Python logging does not recognise this as a logging level
         raise UsageError(
-            "'{}' is not recognized as a logging level name for "
+            f"'{log_level}' is not recognized as a logging level name for "
-            "'{}'. Please consider passing the "
+            f"'{setting_name}'. Please consider passing the "
-            "logging level num instead.".format(log_level, setting_name)
+            "logging level num instead."
         ) from e
 
 

src/_pytest/main.py

@@ -6,9 +6,8 @@ import fnmatch
 import functools
 import importlib
 import os
-import sys
-import warnings
 from pathlib import Path
+import sys
 from typing import AbstractSet
 from typing import Callable
 from typing import Dict
@@ -23,11 +22,12 @@ from typing import overload
 from typing import Sequence
 from typing import Tuple
 from typing import Union
+import warnings
 
 import pluggy
 
-import _pytest._code
 from _pytest import nodes
+import _pytest._code
 from _pytest.config import Config
 from _pytest.config import directory_arg
 from _pytest.config import ExitCode
@@ -723,12 +723,14 @@ class Session(nodes.Collector):
     @overload
     def perform_collect(
         self, args: Optional[Sequence[str]] = ..., genitems: "Literal[True]" = ...
-    ) -> Sequence[nodes.Item]: ...
+    ) -> Sequence[nodes.Item]:
+        ...
 
     @overload
     def perform_collect(  # noqa: F811
         self, args: Optional[Sequence[str]] = ..., genitems: bool = ...
-    ) -> Sequence[Union[nodes.Item, nodes.Collector]]: ...
+    ) -> Sequence[Union[nodes.Item, nodes.Collector]]:
+        ...
 
     def perform_collect(  # noqa: F811
         self, args: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None, genitems: bool = True

src/_pytest/mark/__init__.py

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ from _pytest.config import UsageError
 from _pytest.config.argparsing import Parser
 from _pytest.stash import StashKey
 
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from _pytest.nodes import Item
 
@@ -268,8 +269,8 @@ def pytest_configure(config: Config) -> None:
 
     if empty_parameterset not in ("skip", "xfail", "fail_at_collect", None, ""):
         raise UsageError(
-            "{!s} must be one of skip, xfail or fail_at_collect"
+            f"{EMPTY_PARAMETERSET_OPTION!s} must be one of skip, xfail or fail_at_collect"
-            " but it is {!r}".format(EMPTY_PARAMETERSET_OPTION, empty_parameterset)
+            f" but it is {empty_parameterset!r}"
         )
 
 

src/_pytest/mark/expression.py

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ from typing import NoReturn
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
 
+
 __all__ = [
     "Expression",
     "ParseError",

src/_pytest/mark/structures.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import collections.abc
 import dataclasses
 import inspect
-import warnings
 from typing import Any
 from typing import Callable
 from typing import Collection
@@ -21,6 +20,7 @@ from typing import Type
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from typing import TypeVar
 from typing import Union
+import warnings
 
 from .._code import getfslineno
 from ..compat import ascii_escaped
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ from _pytest.deprecated import MARKED_FIXTURE
 from _pytest.outcomes import fail
 from _pytest.warning_types import PytestUnknownMarkWarning
 
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from ..nodes import Node
 
@@ -111,7 +112,6 @@ class ParameterSet(NamedTuple):
             Enforce tuple wrapping so single argument tuple values
             don't get decomposed and break tests.
         """
-
         if isinstance(parameterset, cls):
             return parameterset
         if force_tuple:
@@ -271,8 +271,8 @@ class MarkDecorator:
 
     ``MarkDecorators`` are created with ``pytest.mark``::
 
-        mark1 = pytest.mark.NAME              # Simple MarkDecorator
+        mark1 = pytest.mark.NAME  # Simple MarkDecorator
-        mark2 = pytest.mark.NAME(name1=value) # Parametrized MarkDecorator
+        mark2 = pytest.mark.NAME(name1=value)  # Parametrized MarkDecorator
 
     and can then be applied as decorators to test functions::
 
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ def get_unpacked_marks(
 
 
 def normalize_mark_list(
-    mark_list: Iterable[Union[Mark, MarkDecorator]]
+    mark_list: Iterable[Union[Mark, MarkDecorator]],
 ) -> Iterable[Mark]:
     """
     Normalize an iterable of Mark or MarkDecorator objects into a list of marks
@@ -433,10 +433,12 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
     class _SkipMarkDecorator(MarkDecorator):
         @overload  # type: ignore[override,misc,no-overload-impl]
-        def __call__(self, arg: Markable) -> Markable: ...
+        def __call__(self, arg: Markable) -> Markable:
+            ...
 
         @overload
-        def __call__(self, reason: str = ...) -> "MarkDecorator": ...
+        def __call__(self, reason: str = ...) -> "MarkDecorator":
+            ...
 
     class _SkipifMarkDecorator(MarkDecorator):
         def __call__(  # type: ignore[override]
@@ -444,11 +446,13 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
             condition: Union[str, bool] = ...,
             *conditions: Union[str, bool],
             reason: str = ...,
-        ) -> MarkDecorator: ...
+        ) -> MarkDecorator:
+            ...
 
     class _XfailMarkDecorator(MarkDecorator):
         @overload  # type: ignore[override,misc,no-overload-impl]
-        def __call__(self, arg: Markable) -> Markable: ...
+        def __call__(self, arg: Markable) -> Markable:
+            ...
 
         @overload
         def __call__(
@@ -461,7 +465,8 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
                 None, Type[BaseException], Tuple[Type[BaseException], ...]
             ] = ...,
             strict: bool = ...,
-        ) -> MarkDecorator: ...
+        ) -> MarkDecorator:
+            ...
 
     class _ParametrizeMarkDecorator(MarkDecorator):
         def __call__(  # type: ignore[override]
@@ -477,7 +482,8 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
                 ]
             ] = ...,
             scope: Optional[_ScopeName] = ...,
-        ) -> MarkDecorator: ...
+        ) -> MarkDecorator:
+            ...
 
     class _UsefixturesMarkDecorator(MarkDecorator):
         def __call__(self, *fixtures: str) -> MarkDecorator:  # type: ignore[override]
@@ -497,9 +503,10 @@ class MarkGenerator:
 
          import pytest
 
+
          @pytest.mark.slowtest
          def test_function():
-            pass
+             pass
 
     applies a 'slowtest' :class:`Mark` on ``test_function``.
     """

src/_pytest/monkeypatch.py

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 """Monkeypatching and mocking functionality."""
 
+from contextlib import contextmanager
 import os
 import re
 import sys
-import warnings
-from contextlib import contextmanager
 from typing import Any
 from typing import final
 from typing import Generator
@@ -16,10 +15,12 @@ from typing import overload
 from typing import Tuple
 from typing import TypeVar
 from typing import Union
+import warnings
 
 from _pytest.fixtures import fixture
 from _pytest.warning_types import PytestWarning
 
+
 RE_IMPORT_ERROR_NAME = re.compile(r"^No module named (.*)$")
 
 
@@ -90,9 +91,7 @@ def annotated_getattr(obj: object, name: str, ann: str) -> object:
         obj = getattr(obj, name)
     except AttributeError as e:
         raise AttributeError(
-            "{!r} object at {} has no attribute {!r}".format(
+            f"{type(obj).__name__!r} object at {ann} has no attribute {name!r}"
-                type(obj).__name__, ann, name
-            )
         ) from e
     return obj
 
@@ -142,7 +141,6 @@ class MonkeyPatch:
         which undoes any patching done inside the ``with`` block upon exit.
 
         Example:
-
         .. code-block:: python
 
             import functools
@@ -169,7 +167,8 @@ class MonkeyPatch:
         name: object,
         value: Notset = ...,
         raising: bool = ...,
-    ) -> None: ...
+    ) -> None:
+        ...
 
     @overload
     def setattr(
@@ -178,7 +177,8 @@ class MonkeyPatch:
         name: str,
         value: object,
         raising: bool = ...,
-    ) -> None: ...
+    ) -> None:
+        ...
 
     def setattr(
         self,
@@ -320,10 +320,8 @@ class MonkeyPatch:
         if not isinstance(value, str):
             warnings.warn(  # type: ignore[unreachable]
                 PytestWarning(
-                    "Value of environment variable {name} type should be str, but got "
+                    f"Value of environment variable {name} type should be str, but got "
-                    "{value!r} (type: {type}); converted to str implicitly".format(
+                    f"{value!r} (type: {type(value).__name__}); converted to str implicitly"
-                        name=name, value=value, type=type(value).__name__
-                    )
                 ),
                 stacklevel=2,
             )
@@ -343,7 +341,6 @@ class MonkeyPatch:
 
     def syspath_prepend(self, path) -> None:
         """Prepend ``path`` to ``sys.path`` list of import locations."""
-
         if self._savesyspath is None:
             self._savesyspath = sys.path[:]
         sys.path.insert(0, str(path))

src/_pytest/nodes.py

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 import abc
-import os
-import pathlib
-import warnings
 from functools import cached_property
 from inspect import signature
+import os
+import pathlib
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 from typing import Callable
@@ -20,6 +19,7 @@ from typing import Type
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from typing import TypeVar
 from typing import Union
+import warnings
 
 import pluggy
 
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ from _pytest.pathlib import commonpath
 from _pytest.stash import Stash
 from _pytest.warning_types import PytestWarning
 
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     # Imported here due to circular import.
     from _pytest._code.code import _TracebackStyle
@@ -306,9 +307,7 @@ class Node(abc.ABC, metaclass=NodeMeta):
         # enforce type checks here to avoid getting a generic type error later otherwise.
         if not isinstance(warning, Warning):
             raise ValueError(
-                "warning must be an instance of Warning or subclass, got {!r}".format(
+                f"warning must be an instance of Warning or subclass, got {warning!r}"
-                    warning
-                )
             )
         path, lineno = get_fslocation_from_item(self)
         assert lineno is not None
@@ -395,10 +394,12 @@ class Node(abc.ABC, metaclass=NodeMeta):
                     yield node, mark
 
     @overload
-    def get_closest_marker(self, name: str) -> Optional[Mark]: ...
+    def get_closest_marker(self, name: str) -> Optional[Mark]:
+        ...
 
     @overload
-    def get_closest_marker(self, name: str, default: Mark) -> Mark: ...
+    def get_closest_marker(self, name: str, default: Mark) -> Mark:
+        ...
 
     def get_closest_marker(
         self, name: str, default: Optional[Mark] = None

src/_pytest/outcomes.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 functions creating them."""
 
 import sys
-import warnings
 from typing import Any
 from typing import Callable
 from typing import cast
@@ -11,6 +10,7 @@ from typing import Optional
 from typing import Protocol
 from typing import Type
 from typing import TypeVar
+import warnings
 
 from _pytest.deprecated import KEYWORD_MSG_ARG
 
@@ -297,8 +297,7 @@ def importorskip(
 
         if verattr is None or Version(verattr) < Version(minversion):
             raise Skipped(
-                "module %r has __version__ %r, required is: %r"
+                f"module {modname!r} has __version__ {verattr!r}, required is: {minversion!r}",
-                % (modname, verattr, minversion),
                 allow_module_level=True,
             )
     return mod

src/_pytest/pastebin.py

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 """Submit failure or test session information to a pastebin service."""
 
-import tempfile
 from io import StringIO
+import tempfile
 from typing import IO
 from typing import Union
 
-import pytest
 from _pytest.config import Config
 from _pytest.config import create_terminal_writer
 from _pytest.config.argparsing import Parser
 from _pytest.stash import StashKey
 from _pytest.terminal import TerminalReporter
+import pytest
+
 
 pastebinfile_key = StashKey[IO[bytes]]()
 

src/_pytest/pathlib.py

@@ -1,20 +1,15 @@
 import atexit
 import contextlib
-import fnmatch
-import importlib.util
-import itertools
-import os
-import shutil
-import sys
-import types
-import uuid
-import warnings
 from enum import Enum
 from errno import EBADF
 from errno import ELOOP
 from errno import ENOENT
 from errno import ENOTDIR
+import fnmatch
 from functools import partial
+import importlib.util
+import itertools
+import os
 from os.path import expanduser
 from os.path import expandvars
 from os.path import isabs
@@ -22,6 +17,9 @@ from os.path import sep
 from pathlib import Path
 from pathlib import PurePath
 from posixpath import sep as posix_sep
+import shutil
+import sys
+import types
 from types import ModuleType
 from typing import Callable
 from typing import Dict
@@ -34,11 +32,14 @@ from typing import Tuple
 from typing import Type
 from typing import TypeVar
 from typing import Union
+import uuid
+import warnings
 
 from _pytest.compat import assert_never
 from _pytest.outcomes import skip
 from _pytest.warning_types import PytestWarning
 
+
 LOCK_TIMEOUT = 60 * 60 * 24 * 3
 
 
@@ -101,9 +102,7 @@ def on_rm_rf_error(
         if func not in (os.open,):
             warnings.warn(
                 PytestWarning(
-                    "(rm_rf) unknown function {} when removing {}:\n{}: {}".format(
+                    f"(rm_rf) unknown function {func} when removing {path}:\n{type(exc)}: {exc}"
-                        func, path, type(exc), exc
-                    )
                 )
             )
         return False
@@ -242,7 +241,7 @@ def make_numbered_dir(root: Path, prefix: str, mode: int = 0o700) -> Path:
     else:
         raise OSError(
             "could not create numbered dir with prefix "
-            "{prefix} in {root} after 10 tries".format(prefix=prefix, root=root)
+            f"{prefix} in {root} after 10 tries"
         )
 
 

src/_pytest/pytester.py

@@ -5,19 +5,19 @@ PYTEST_DONT_REWRITE
 
 import collections.abc
 import contextlib
+from fnmatch import fnmatch
 import gc
 import importlib
+from io import StringIO
 import locale
 import os
+from pathlib import Path
 import platform
 import re
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import traceback
-from fnmatch import fnmatch
-from io import StringIO
-from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 from typing import Callable
 from typing import Dict
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ from _pytest.reports import TestReport
 from _pytest.tmpdir import TempPathFactory
 from _pytest.warning_types import PytestWarning
 
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     import pexpect
 
@@ -187,7 +188,7 @@ class LsofFdLeakChecker:
                     "*** After:",
                     *(str(f) for f in lines2),
                     "***** %s FD leakage detected" % len(leaked_files),
-                    "*** function %s:%s: %s " % item.location,
+                    "*** function {}:{}: {} ".format(*item.location),
                     "See issue #2366",
                 ]
                 item.warn(PytestWarning("\n".join(error)))
@@ -244,7 +245,8 @@ class RecordedHookCall:
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
         # The class has undetermined attributes, this tells mypy about it.
-        def __getattr__(self, key: str): ...
+        def __getattr__(self, key: str):
+            ...
 
 
 @final
@@ -325,13 +327,15 @@ class HookRecorder:
     def getreports(
         self,
         names: "Literal['pytest_collectreport']",
-    ) -> Sequence[CollectReport]: ...
+    ) -> Sequence[CollectReport]:
+        ...
 
     @overload
     def getreports(
         self,
         names: "Literal['pytest_runtest_logreport']",
-    ) -> Sequence[TestReport]: ...
+    ) -> Sequence[TestReport]:
+        ...
 
     @overload
     def getreports(
@@ -340,7 +344,8 @@ class HookRecorder:
             "pytest_collectreport",
             "pytest_runtest_logreport",
         ),
-    ) -> Sequence[Union[CollectReport, TestReport]]: ...
+    ) -> Sequence[Union[CollectReport, TestReport]]:
+        ...
 
     def getreports(
         self,
@@ -372,14 +377,12 @@ class HookRecorder:
                 values.append(rep)
         if not values:
             raise ValueError(
-                "could not find test report matching %r: "
+                f"could not find test report matching {inamepart!r}: "
-                "no test reports at all!" % (inamepart,)
+                "no test reports at all!"
             )
         if len(values) > 1:
             raise ValueError(
-                "found 2 or more testreports matching {!r}: {}".format(
+                f"found 2 or more testreports matching {inamepart!r}: {values}"
-                    inamepart, values
-                )
             )
         return values[0]
 
@@ -387,13 +390,15 @@ class HookRecorder:
     def getfailures(
         self,
         names: "Literal['pytest_collectreport']",
-    ) -> Sequence[CollectReport]: ...
+    ) -> Sequence[CollectReport]:
+        ...
 
     @overload
     def getfailures(
         self,
         names: "Literal['pytest_runtest_logreport']",
-    ) -> Sequence[TestReport]: ...
+    ) -> Sequence[TestReport]:
+        ...
 
     @overload
     def getfailures(
@@ -402,7 +407,8 @@ class HookRecorder:
             "pytest_collectreport",
             "pytest_runtest_logreport",
         ),
-    ) -> Sequence[Union[CollectReport, TestReport]]: ...
+    ) -> Sequence[Union[CollectReport, TestReport]]:
+        ...
 
     def getfailures(
         self,
@@ -801,7 +807,6 @@ class Pytester:
             The first created file.
 
         Examples:
-
         .. code-block:: python
 
             pytester.makefile(".txt", "line1", "line2")
@@ -855,7 +860,6 @@ class Pytester:
         existing files.
 
         Examples:
-
         .. code-block:: python
 
             def test_something(pytester):
@@ -875,7 +879,6 @@ class Pytester:
         existing files.
 
         Examples:
-
         .. code-block:: python
 
             def test_something(pytester):
@@ -1265,9 +1268,7 @@ class Pytester:
         for item in items:
             if item.name == funcname:
                 return item
-        assert 0, "{!r} item not found in module:\n{}\nitems: {}".format(
+        assert 0, f"{funcname!r} item not found in module:\n{source}\nitems: {items}"
-            funcname, source, items
-        )
 
     def getitems(self, source: Union[str, "os.PathLike[str]"]) -> List[Item]:
         """Return all test items collected from the module.
@@ -1426,10 +1427,7 @@ class Pytester:
             def handle_timeout() -> None:
                 __tracebackhide__ = True
 
-                timeout_message = (
+                timeout_message = f"{timeout} second timeout expired running: {cmdargs}"
-                    "{seconds} second timeout expired running:"
-                    " {command}".format(seconds=timeout, command=cmdargs)
-                )
 
                 popen.kill()
                 popen.wait()

src/_pytest/python.py

@@ -1,19 +1,18 @@
 """Python test discovery, setup and run of test functions."""
 
 import abc
+from collections import Counter
+from collections import defaultdict
 import dataclasses
 import enum
 import fnmatch
+from functools import partial
 import inspect
 import itertools
 import os
+from pathlib import Path
 import sys
 import types
-import warnings
-from collections import Counter
-from collections import defaultdict
-from functools import partial
-from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 from typing import Callable
 from typing import Dict
@@ -30,6 +29,7 @@ from typing import Sequence
 from typing import Set
 from typing import Tuple
 from typing import Union
+import warnings
 
 import _pytest
 from _pytest import fixtures
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ from _pytest.warning_types import PytestCollectionWarning
 from _pytest.warning_types import PytestReturnNotNoneWarning
 from _pytest.warning_types import PytestUnhandledCoroutineWarning
 
+
 _PYTEST_DIR = Path(_pytest.__file__).parent
 
 
@@ -267,8 +268,8 @@ def pytest_pycollect_makeitem(
         elif getattr(obj, "__test__", True):
             if is_generator(obj):
                 res: Function = Function.from_parent(collector, name=name)
-                reason = "yield tests were removed in pytest 4.0 - {name} will be ignored".format(
+                reason = (
-                    name=name
+                    f"yield tests were removed in pytest 4.0 - {name} will be ignored"
                 )
                 res.add_marker(MARK_GEN.xfail(run=False, reason=reason))
                 res.warn(PytestCollectionWarning(reason))
@@ -560,10 +561,10 @@ def importtestmodule(
         )
         formatted_tb = str(exc_repr)
         raise nodes.Collector.CollectError(
-            "ImportError while importing test module '{path}'.\n"
+            f"ImportError while importing test module '{path}'.\n"
             "Hint: make sure your test modules/packages have valid Python names.\n"
             "Traceback:\n"
-            "{traceback}".format(path=path, traceback=formatted_tb)
+            f"{formatted_tb}"
         ) from e
     except skip.Exception as e:
         if e.allow_module_level:
@@ -1496,17 +1497,13 @@ class Metafunc:
             for arg in indirect:
                 if arg not in argnames:
                     fail(
-                        "In {}: indirect fixture '{}' doesn't exist".format(
+                        f"In {self.function.__name__}: indirect fixture '{arg}' doesn't exist",
-                            self.function.__name__, arg
-                        ),
                         pytrace=False,
                     )
                 arg_directness[arg] = "indirect"
         else:
             fail(
-                "In {func}: expected Sequence or boolean for indirect, got {type}".format(
+                f"In {self.function.__name__}: expected Sequence or boolean for indirect, got {type(indirect).__name__}",
-                    type=type(indirect).__name__, func=self.function.__name__
-                ),
                 pytrace=False,
             )
         return arg_directness
@@ -1528,9 +1525,7 @@ class Metafunc:
             if arg not in self.fixturenames:
                 if arg in default_arg_names:
                     fail(
-                        "In {}: function already takes an argument '{}' with a default value".format(
+                        f"In {func_name}: function already takes an argument '{arg}' with a default value",
-                            func_name, arg
-                        ),
                         pytrace=False,
                     )
                 else:

src/_pytest/python_api.py

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-import math
-import pprint
 from collections.abc import Collection
 from collections.abc import Sized
 from decimal import Decimal
+import math
 from numbers import Complex
+import pprint
 from types import TracebackType
 from typing import Any
 from typing import Callable
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import _pytest._code
 from _pytest.compat import STRING_TYPES
 from _pytest.outcomes import fail
 
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from numpy import ndarray
 
@@ -237,9 +238,7 @@ class ApproxMapping(ApproxBase):
     with numeric values (the keys can be anything)."""
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "approx({!r})".format(
+        return f"approx({({k: self._approx_scalar(v) for k, v in self.expected.items()})!r})"
-            {k: self._approx_scalar(v) for k, v in self.expected.items()}
-        )
 
     def _repr_compare(self, other_side: Mapping[object, float]) -> List[str]:
         import math
@@ -314,9 +313,7 @@ class ApproxSequenceLike(ApproxBase):
         seq_type = type(self.expected)
         if seq_type not in (tuple, list):
             seq_type = list
-        return "approx({!r})".format(
+        return f"approx({seq_type(self._approx_scalar(x) for x in self.expected)!r})"
-            seq_type(self._approx_scalar(x) for x in self.expected)
-        )
 
     def _repr_compare(self, other_side: Sequence[float]) -> List[str]:
         import math
@@ -696,7 +693,6 @@ def approx(expected, rel=None, abs=None, nan_ok: bool = False) -> ApproxBase:
        ``approx`` falls back to strict equality for nonnumeric types instead
        of raising ``TypeError``.
     """
-
     # Delegate the comparison to a class that knows how to deal with the type
     # of the expected value (e.g. int, float, list, dict, numpy.array, etc).
     #
@@ -778,7 +774,8 @@ def raises(
     expected_exception: Union[Type[E], Tuple[Type[E], ...]],
     *,
     match: Optional[Union[str, Pattern[str]]] = ...,
-) -> "RaisesContext[E]": ...
+) -> "RaisesContext[E]":
+    ...
 
 
 @overload
@@ -787,7 +784,8 @@ def raises(  # noqa: F811
     func: Callable[..., Any],
     *args: Any,
     **kwargs: Any,
-) -> _pytest._code.ExceptionInfo[E]: ...
+) -> _pytest._code.ExceptionInfo[E]:
+    ...
 
 
 def raises(  # noqa: F811
@@ -836,10 +834,10 @@ def raises(  # noqa: F811
     The ``match`` argument searches the formatted exception string, which includes any
     `PEP-678 <https://peps.python.org/pep-0678/>`__ ``__notes__``:
 
-        >>> with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r'had a note added'):  # doctest: +SKIP
+        >>> with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r"had a note added"):  # doctest: +SKIP
-        ...    e = ValueError("value must be 42")
+        ...     e = ValueError("value must be 42")
-        ...    e.add_note("had a note added")
+        ...     e.add_note("had a note added")
-        ...    raise e
+        ...     raise e
 
     The context manager produces an :class:`ExceptionInfo` object which can be used to inspect the
     details of the captured exception::
@@ -854,7 +852,7 @@ def raises(  # noqa: F811
        Given that ``pytest.raises`` matches subclasses, be wary of using it to match :class:`Exception` like this::
 
            with pytest.raises(Exception):  # Careful, this will catch ANY exception raised.
-                some_function()
+               some_function()
 
        Because :class:`Exception` is the base class of almost all exceptions, it is easy for this to hide
        real bugs, where the user wrote this expecting a specific exception, but some other exception is being

src/_pytest/recwarn.py

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 """Record warnings during test function execution."""
 
-import re
-import warnings
 from pprint import pformat
+import re
 from types import TracebackType
 from typing import Any
 from typing import Callable
@@ -17,12 +16,14 @@ from typing import Tuple
 from typing import Type
 from typing import TypeVar
 from typing import Union
+import warnings
 
 from _pytest.deprecated import check_ispytest
 from _pytest.deprecated import WARNS_NONE_ARG
 from _pytest.fixtures import fixture
 from _pytest.outcomes import fail
 
+
 T = TypeVar("T")
 
 
@@ -42,13 +43,15 @@ def recwarn() -> Generator["WarningsRecorder", None, None]:
 @overload
 def deprecated_call(
     *, match: Optional[Union[str, Pattern[str]]] = ...
-) -> "WarningsRecorder": ...
+) -> "WarningsRecorder":
+    ...
 
 
 @overload
 def deprecated_call(  # noqa: F811
     func: Callable[..., T], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any
-) -> T: ...
+) -> T:
+    ...
 
 
 def deprecated_call(  # noqa: F811
@@ -90,7 +93,8 @@ def warns(
     expected_warning: Union[Type[Warning], Tuple[Type[Warning], ...]] = ...,
     *,
     match: Optional[Union[str, Pattern[str]]] = ...,
-) -> "WarningsChecker": ...
+) -> "WarningsChecker":
+    ...
 
 
 @overload
@@ -99,7 +103,8 @@ def warns(  # noqa: F811
     func: Callable[..., T],
     *args: Any,
     **kwargs: Any,
-) -> T: ...
+) -> T:
+    ...
 
 
 def warns(  # noqa: F811

src/_pytest/reports.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import dataclasses
-import os
 from io import StringIO
+import os
 from pprint import pprint
 from typing import Any
 from typing import cast
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ from _pytest.nodes import Collector
 from _pytest.nodes import Item
 from _pytest.outcomes import skip
 
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from _pytest.runner import CallInfo
 
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ def getworkerinfoline(node):
         return node._workerinfocache
     except AttributeError:
         d = node.workerinfo
-        ver = "%s.%s.%s" % d["version_info"][:3]
+        ver = "{}.{}.{}".format(*d["version_info"][:3])
         node._workerinfocache = s = "[{}] {} -- Python {} {}".format(
             d["id"], d["sysplatform"], ver, d["executable"]
         )
@@ -70,7 +71,8 @@ class BaseReport:
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
         # Can have arbitrary fields given to __init__().
-        def __getattr__(self, key: str) -> Any: ...
+        def __getattr__(self, key: str) -> Any:
+            ...
 
     def toterminal(self, out: TerminalWriter) -> None:
         if hasattr(self, "node"):
@@ -312,9 +314,7 @@ class TestReport(BaseReport):
         self.__dict__.update(extra)
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "<{} {!r} when={!r} outcome={!r}>".format(
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {self.nodeid!r} when={self.when!r} outcome={self.outcome!r}>"
-            self.__class__.__name__, self.nodeid, self.when, self.outcome
-        )
 
     @classmethod
     def from_item_and_call(cls, item: Item, call: "CallInfo[None]") -> "TestReport":
@@ -429,9 +429,7 @@ class CollectReport(BaseReport):
         return (self.fspath, None, self.fspath)
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "<CollectReport {!r} lenresult={} outcome={!r}>".format(
+        return f"<CollectReport {self.nodeid!r} lenresult={len(self.result)} outcome={self.outcome!r}>"
-            self.nodeid, len(self.result), self.outcome
-        )
 
 
 class CollectErrorRepr(TerminalRepr):
@@ -443,7 +441,7 @@ class CollectErrorRepr(TerminalRepr):
 
 
 def pytest_report_to_serializable(
-    report: Union[CollectReport, TestReport]
+    report: Union[CollectReport, TestReport],
 ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
     if isinstance(report, (TestReport, CollectReport)):
         data = report._to_json()
@@ -475,7 +473,7 @@ def _report_to_json(report: BaseReport) -> Dict[str, Any]:
     """
 
     def serialize_repr_entry(
-        entry: Union[ReprEntry, ReprEntryNative]
+        entry: Union[ReprEntry, ReprEntryNative],
     ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         data = dataclasses.asdict(entry)
         for key, value in data.items():
@@ -607,9 +605,9 @@ def _report_kwargs_from_json(reportdict: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
                         description,
                     )
                 )
-            exception_info: Union[ExceptionChainRepr, ReprExceptionInfo] = (
+            exception_info: Union[
-                ExceptionChainRepr(chain)
+                ExceptionChainRepr, ReprExceptionInfo
-            )
+            ] = ExceptionChainRepr(chain)
         else:
             exception_info = ReprExceptionInfo(
                 reprtraceback=reprtraceback,

src/_pytest/runner.py

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ from _pytest.outcomes import OutcomeException
 from _pytest.outcomes import Skipped
 from _pytest.outcomes import TEST_OUTCOME
 
+
 if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 11):
     from exceptiongroup import BaseExceptionGroup
 
@@ -94,8 +95,7 @@ def pytest_terminal_summary(terminalreporter: "TerminalReporter") -> None:
         if verbose < 2 and rep.duration < durations_min:
             tr.write_line("")
             tr.write_line(
-                "(%s durations < %gs hidden.  Use -vv to show these durations.)"
+                f"({len(dlist) - i} durations < {durations_min:g}s hidden.  Use -vv to show these durations.)"
-                % (len(dlist) - i, durations_min)
             )
             break
         tr.write_line(f"{rep.duration:02.2f}s {rep.when:<8} {rep.nodeid}")

src/_pytest/scope.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from functools import total_ordering
 from typing import Literal
 from typing import Optional
 
+
 _ScopeName = Literal["session", "package", "module", "class", "function"]
 
 

src/_pytest/setuponly.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ from typing import Generator
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Union
 
-import pytest
 from _pytest._io.saferepr import saferepr
 from _pytest.config import Config
 from _pytest.config import ExitCode
@@ -10,6 +9,7 @@ from _pytest.config.argparsing import Parser
 from _pytest.fixtures import FixtureDef
 from _pytest.fixtures import SubRequest
 from _pytest.scope import Scope
+import pytest
 
 
 def pytest_addoption(parser: Parser) -> None:
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ def _show_fixture_action(fixturedef: FixtureDef[object], msg: str) -> None:
     scope_indent = list(reversed(Scope)).index(fixturedef._scope)
     tw.write(" " * 2 * scope_indent)
     tw.write(
-        "{step} {scope} {fixture}".format(
+        "{step} {scope} {fixture}".format(  # noqa: UP032 (Readability)
             step=msg.ljust(8),  # align the output to TEARDOWN
             scope=fixturedef.scope[0].upper(),
             fixture=fixturedef.argname,

src/_pytest/setupplan.py

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Union
 
-import pytest
 from _pytest.config import Config
 from _pytest.config import ExitCode
 from _pytest.config.argparsing import Parser
 from _pytest.fixtures import FixtureDef
 from _pytest.fixtures import SubRequest
+import pytest
 
 
 def pytest_addoption(parser: Parser) -> None:

src/_pytest/skipping.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 """Support for skip/xfail functions and markers."""
 
+from collections.abc import Mapping
 import dataclasses
 import os
 import platform
 import sys
 import traceback
-from collections.abc import Mapping
 from typing import Generator
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Tuple
@@ -105,9 +105,7 @@ def evaluate_condition(item: Item, mark: Mark, condition: object) -> Tuple[bool,
         ):
             if not isinstance(dictionary, Mapping):
                 raise ValueError(
-                    "pytest_markeval_namespace() needs to return a dict, got {!r}".format(
+                    f"pytest_markeval_namespace() needs to return a dict, got {dictionary!r}"
-                        dictionary
-                    )
                 )
             globals_.update(dictionary)
         if hasattr(item, "obj"):

src/_pytest/stash.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from typing import Generic
 from typing import TypeVar
 from typing import Union
 
+
 __all__ = ["Stash", "StashKey"]
 
 

src/_pytest/stepwise.py

@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@ from typing import List
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
-import pytest
 from _pytest import nodes
 from _pytest.config import Config
 from _pytest.config.argparsing import Parser
 from _pytest.main import Session
 from _pytest.reports import TestReport
+import pytest
+
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from _pytest.cacheprovider import Cache

src/_pytest/terminal.py

@@ -4,16 +4,15 @@ This is a good source for looking at the various reporting hooks.
 """
 
 import argparse
+from collections import Counter
 import dataclasses
 import datetime
+from functools import partial
 import inspect
+from pathlib import Path
 import platform
 import sys
 import textwrap
-import warnings
-from collections import Counter
-from functools import partial
-from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 from typing import Callable
 from typing import ClassVar
@@ -31,16 +30,17 @@ from typing import TextIO
 from typing import Tuple
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from typing import Union
+import warnings
 
 import pluggy
 
-import _pytest._version
 from _pytest import nodes
 from _pytest import timing
 from _pytest._code import ExceptionInfo
 from _pytest._code.code import ExceptionRepr
 from _pytest._io import TerminalWriter
 from _pytest._io.wcwidth import wcswidth
+import _pytest._version
 from _pytest.assertion.util import running_on_ci
 from _pytest.config import _PluggyPlugin
 from _pytest.config import Config
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ from _pytest.reports import BaseReport
 from _pytest.reports import CollectReport
 from _pytest.reports import TestReport
 
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from _pytest.main import Session
 
@@ -671,8 +672,8 @@ class TerminalReporter:
             return f" [ {collected} / {collected} ]"
         else:
             if collected:
-                return " [{:3d}%]".format(
+                return (
-                    len(self._progress_nodeids_reported) * 100 // collected
+                    f" [{len(self._progress_nodeids_reported) * 100 // collected:3d}%]"
                 )
             return " [100%]"
 
@@ -757,9 +758,7 @@ class TerminalReporter:
             if pypy_version_info:
                 verinfo = ".".join(map(str, pypy_version_info[:3]))
                 msg += f"[pypy-{verinfo}-{pypy_version_info[3]}]"
-            msg += ", pytest-{}, pluggy-{}".format(
+            msg += f", pytest-{_pytest._version.version}, pluggy-{pluggy.__version__}"
-                _pytest._version.version, pluggy.__version__
-            )
             if (
                 self.verbosity > 0
                 or self.config.option.debug
@@ -1464,7 +1463,7 @@ def _plugin_nameversions(plugininfo) -> List[str]:
     values: List[str] = []
     for plugin, dist in plugininfo:
         # Gets us name and version!
-        name = "{dist.project_name}-{dist.version}".format(dist=dist)
+        name = f"{dist.project_name}-{dist.version}"
         # Questionable convenience, but it keeps things short.
         if name.startswith("pytest-"):
             name = name[7:]

src/_pytest/threadexception.py

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 import threading
 import traceback
-import warnings
 from types import TracebackType
 from typing import Any
 from typing import Callable
 from typing import Generator
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Type
+import warnings
 
 import pytest
 

src/_pytest/timing.py

@@ -10,4 +10,5 @@ from time import perf_counter
 from time import sleep
 from time import time
 
+
 __all__ = ["perf_counter", "sleep", "time"]

src/_pytest/tmpdir.py

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 
 import dataclasses
 import os
-import re
-import tempfile
 from pathlib import Path
+import re
 from shutil import rmtree
+import tempfile
 from typing import Any
 from typing import Dict
 from typing import final
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ from _pytest.nodes import Item
 from _pytest.reports import TestReport
 from _pytest.stash import StashKey
 
+
 tmppath_result_key = StashKey[Dict[str, bool]]()
 RetentionType = Literal["all", "failed", "none"]
 
@@ -268,7 +269,6 @@ def tmp_path(
 
     The returned object is a :class:`pathlib.Path` object.
     """
-
     path = _mk_tmp(request, tmp_path_factory)
     yield path
 

src/_pytest/unittest.py

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from typing import Union
 
 import _pytest._code
-import pytest
 from _pytest.compat import getimfunc
 from _pytest.compat import is_async_function
 from _pytest.config import hookimpl
@@ -31,6 +30,8 @@ from _pytest.python import Function
 from _pytest.python import Module
 from _pytest.runner import CallInfo
 from _pytest.scope import Scope
+import pytest
+
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     import unittest
@@ -219,7 +220,9 @@ class TestCaseFunction(Function):
         # Unwrap potential exception info (see twisted trial support below).
         rawexcinfo = getattr(rawexcinfo, "_rawexcinfo", rawexcinfo)
         try:
-            excinfo = _pytest._code.ExceptionInfo[BaseException].from_exc_info(rawexcinfo)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            excinfo = _pytest._code.ExceptionInfo[BaseException].from_exc_info(
+                rawexcinfo  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            )
             # Invoke the attributes to trigger storing the traceback
             # trial causes some issue there.
             excinfo.value
@@ -364,9 +367,7 @@ def pytest_runtest_makereport(item: Item, call: CallInfo[None]) -> None:
     # handled internally, and doesn't reach here.
     unittest = sys.modules.get("unittest")
     if (
-        unittest
+        unittest and call.excinfo and isinstance(call.excinfo.value, unittest.SkipTest)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-        and call.excinfo
-        and isinstance(call.excinfo.value, unittest.SkipTest)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
     ):
         excinfo = call.excinfo
         call2 = CallInfo[None].from_call(

src/_pytest/unraisableexception.py

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 import sys
 import traceback
-import warnings
 from types import TracebackType
 from typing import Any
 from typing import Callable
 from typing import Generator
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Type
+import warnings
 
 import pytest
 

src/_pytest/warning_types.py

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 import dataclasses
 import inspect
-import warnings
 from types import FunctionType
 from typing import Any
 from typing import final
 from typing import Generic
 from typing import Type
 from typing import TypeVar
+import warnings
 
 
 class PytestWarning(UserWarning):
@@ -79,11 +79,7 @@ class PytestExperimentalApiWarning(PytestWarning, FutureWarning):
 
     @classmethod
     def simple(cls, apiname: str) -> "PytestExperimentalApiWarning":
-        return cls(
+        return cls(f"{apiname} is an experimental api that may change over time")
-            "{apiname} is an experimental api that may change over time".format(
-                apiname=apiname
-            )
-        )
 
 
 @final

src/_pytest/warnings.py

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-import sys
-import warnings
 from contextlib import contextmanager
+import sys
 from typing import Generator
 from typing import Literal
 from typing import Optional
+import warnings
 
-import pytest
 from _pytest.config import apply_warning_filters
 from _pytest.config import Config
 from _pytest.config import parse_warning_filter
 from _pytest.main import Session
 from _pytest.nodes import Item
 from _pytest.terminal import TerminalReporter
+import pytest
 
 
 def pytest_configure(config: Config) -> None:

src/py.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import sys
 import _pytest._py.error as error
 import _pytest._py.path as path
 
+
 sys.modules["py.error"] = error
 sys.modules["py.path"] = path
 

src/pytest/__init__.py

@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ from _pytest.warning_types import PytestUnknownMarkWarning
 from _pytest.warning_types import PytestUnraisableExceptionWarning
 from _pytest.warning_types import PytestWarning
 
+
 set_trace = __pytestPDB.set_trace
 
 

src/pytest/__main__.py

@@ -2,5 +2,6 @@
 
 import pytest
 
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     raise SystemExit(pytest.console_main())

testing/_py/test_local.py

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ import multiprocessing
 import os
 import sys
 import time
-import warnings
 from unittest import mock
+import warnings
 
 from py import error
 from py.path import local
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ class CommonFSTests:
     def test_listdir_filter(self, path1):
         p = path1.listdir(lambda x: x.check(dir=1))
         assert path1.join("sampledir") in p
-        assert not path1.join("samplefile") in p
+        assert path1.join("samplefile") not in p
 
     def test_listdir_sorted(self, path1):
         p = path1.listdir(lambda x: x.check(basestarts="sample"), sort=True)
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ class CommonFSTests:
         for i in path1.visit(None, lambda x: x.basename != "sampledir"):
             lst.append(i.relto(path1))
         assert "sampledir" in lst
-        assert not path1.sep.join(["sampledir", "otherfile"]) in lst
+        assert path1.sep.join(["sampledir", "otherfile"]) not in lst
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         "fil",

testing/acceptance_test.py

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ import subprocess
 import sys
 import types
 
-import pytest
 from _pytest.config import ExitCode
 from _pytest.pathlib import symlink_or_skip
 from _pytest.pytester import Pytester
+import pytest
 
 
 def prepend_pythonpath(*dirs) -> str:

testing/code/test_code.py

@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ import sys
 from types import FrameType
 from unittest import mock
 
-import pytest
 from _pytest._code import Code
 from _pytest._code import ExceptionInfo
 from _pytest._code import Frame
 from _pytest._code import Source
 from _pytest._code.code import ExceptionChainRepr
 from _pytest._code.code import ReprFuncArgs
+import pytest
 
 
 def test_ne() -> None:

testing/code/test_excinfo.py

@@ -3,16 +3,15 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import importlib
 import io
 import operator
+from pathlib import Path
 import queue
 import re
 import sys
 import textwrap
-from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 import _pytest._code
-import pytest
 from _pytest._code.code import ExceptionChainRepr
 from _pytest._code.code import ExceptionInfo
 from _pytest._code.code import FormattedExcinfo
@@ -22,6 +21,8 @@ from _pytest.pathlib import bestrelpath
 from _pytest.pathlib import import_path
 from _pytest.pytester import LineMatcher
 from _pytest.pytester import Pytester
+import pytest
+
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from _pytest._code.code import _TracebackStyle
@@ -1172,9 +1173,7 @@ raise ValueError()
                     "funcargs": funcargs,
                     "tbfilter": tbfilter,
                 },
-                id="style={},showlocals={},funcargs={},tbfilter={}".format(
+                id=f"style={style},showlocals={showlocals},funcargs={funcargs},tbfilter={tbfilter}",
-                    style, showlocals, funcargs, tbfilter
-                ),
             )
             for style in ["long", "short", "line", "no", "native", "value", "auto"]
             for showlocals in (True, False)
@@ -1338,7 +1337,7 @@ raise ValueError()
         """
         raise_suffix = " from None" if mode == "from_none" else ""
         mod = importasmod(
-            """
+            f"""
             def f():
                 try:
                     g()
@@ -1346,9 +1345,7 @@ raise ValueError()
                     raise AttributeError(){raise_suffix}
             def g():
                 raise ValueError()
-        """.format(
+        """
-                raise_suffix=raise_suffix
-            )
         )
         excinfo = pytest.raises(AttributeError, mod.f)
         r = excinfo.getrepr(style="long", chain=mode != "explicit_suppress")
@@ -1360,9 +1357,7 @@ raise ValueError()
         assert tw_mock.lines[2] == "        try:"
         assert tw_mock.lines[3] == "            g()"
         assert tw_mock.lines[4] == "        except Exception:"
-        assert tw_mock.lines[5] == ">           raise AttributeError(){}".format(
+        assert tw_mock.lines[5] == f">           raise AttributeError(){raise_suffix}"
-            raise_suffix
-        )
         assert tw_mock.lines[6] == "E           AttributeError"
         assert tw_mock.lines[7] == ""
         line = tw_mock.get_write_msg(8)
@@ -1393,7 +1388,7 @@ raise ValueError()
         """
         exc_handling_code = " from e" if reason == "cause" else ""
         mod = importasmod(
-            """
+            f"""
             def f():
                 try:
                     g()
@@ -1401,9 +1396,7 @@ raise ValueError()
                     raise RuntimeError('runtime problem'){exc_handling_code}
             def g():
                 raise ValueError('invalid value')
-        """.format(
+        """
-                exc_handling_code=exc_handling_code
-            )
         )
 
         with pytest.raises(RuntimeError) as excinfo:

testing/conftest.py

@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@ import sys
 from typing import Generator
 from typing import List
 
-import pytest
 from _pytest.monkeypatch import MonkeyPatch
 from _pytest.pytester import Pytester
+import pytest
+
 
 if sys.gettrace():
 

testing/deprecated_test.py

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
+from pathlib import Path
 import re
 import sys
 import warnings
-from pathlib import Path
 
-import pytest
 from _pytest import deprecated
 from _pytest.compat import legacy_path
 from _pytest.pytester import Pytester
+import pytest
 from pytest import PytestDeprecationWarning
 
 

testing/example_scripts/acceptance/fixture_mock_integration.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
 
+
 config = {"mykey": "ORIGINAL"}
 
 

testing/example_scripts/perf_examples/collect_stats/generate_folders.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import argparse
 import pathlib
 
+
 HERE = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent
 TEST_CONTENT = (HERE / "template_test.py").read_bytes()
 

testing/example_scripts/unittest/test_unittest_asyncio.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from typing import List
 from unittest import IsolatedAsyncioTestCase
 
+
 teardowns: List[None] = []
 
 

testing/example_scripts/unittest/test_unittest_asynctest.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from typing import List
 
 import asynctest
 
+
 teardowns: List[None] = []
 
 

testing/io/test_pprint.py

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-import textwrap
 from collections import ChainMap
 from collections import Counter
 from collections import defaultdict
 from collections import deque
 from collections import OrderedDict
 from dataclasses import dataclass
+import textwrap
 from types import MappingProxyType
 from types import SimpleNamespace
 from typing import Any
 
-import pytest
 from _pytest._io.pprint import PrettyPrinter
+import pytest
 
 
 @dataclass

testing/io/test_saferepr.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-import pytest
 from _pytest._io.saferepr import DEFAULT_REPR_MAX_SIZE
 from _pytest._io.saferepr import saferepr
 from _pytest._io.saferepr import saferepr_unlimited
+import pytest
 
 
 def test_simple_repr():
@@ -58,9 +58,7 @@ def test_exceptions() -> None:
     obj = BrokenRepr(BrokenReprException("omg even worse"))
     s2 = saferepr(obj)
     assert s2 == (
-        "<[unpresentable exception ({!s}) raised in repr()] BrokenRepr object at 0x{:x}>".format(
+        f"<[unpresentable exception ({exp_exc!s}) raised in repr()] BrokenRepr object at 0x{id(obj):x}>"
-            exp_exc, id(obj)
-        )
     )
 
 
@@ -98,14 +96,12 @@ def test_baseexception():
     baseexc_str = BaseException("__str__")
     obj = BrokenObj(RaisingOnStrRepr([BaseException]))
     assert saferepr(obj) == (
-        "<[unpresentable exception ({!r}) "
+        f"<[unpresentable exception ({baseexc_str!r}) "
-        "raised in repr()] BrokenObj object at 0x{:x}>".format(baseexc_str, id(obj))
+        f"raised in repr()] BrokenObj object at 0x{id(obj):x}>"
     )
     obj = BrokenObj(RaisingOnStrRepr([RaisingOnStrRepr([BaseException])]))
     assert saferepr(obj) == (
-        "<[{!r} raised in repr()] BrokenObj object at 0x{:x}>".format(
+        f"<[{baseexc_str!r} raised in repr()] BrokenObj object at 0x{id(obj):x}>"
-            baseexc_str, id(obj)
-        )
     )
 
     with pytest.raises(KeyboardInterrupt):

testing/io/test_terminalwriter.py

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 import io
 import os
+from pathlib import Path
 import re
 import shutil
 import sys
-from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Generator
 from typing import Optional
 from unittest import mock
 
-import pytest
 from _pytest._io import terminalwriter
 from _pytest.monkeypatch import MonkeyPatch
+import pytest
+
 
 # These tests were initially copied from py 1.8.1.
 

testing/io/test_wcwidth.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-import pytest
 from _pytest._io.wcwidth import wcswidth
 from _pytest._io.wcwidth import wcwidth
+import pytest
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(

testing/logging/test_fixture.py

@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@
 import logging
 from typing import Iterator
 
-import pytest
 from _pytest.logging import caplog_records_key
 from _pytest.pytester import Pytester
+import pytest
+
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 sublogger = logging.getLogger(__name__ + ".baz")

testing/logging/test_reporting.py

@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ import os
 import re
 from typing import cast
 
-import pytest
 from _pytest.capture import CaptureManager
 from _pytest.config import ExitCode
 from _pytest.fixtures import FixtureRequest
 from _pytest.pytester import Pytester
 from _pytest.terminal import TerminalReporter
+import pytest
 
 
 def test_nothing_logged(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
@@ -176,13 +176,11 @@ def test_teardown_logging(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
 def test_log_cli_enabled_disabled(pytester: Pytester, enabled: bool) -> None:
     msg = "critical message logged by test"
     pytester.makepyfile(
-        """
+        f"""
         import logging
         def test_log_cli():
-            logging.critical("{}")
+            logging.critical("{msg}")
-    """.format(
+    """
-            msg
-        )
     )
     if enabled:
         pytester.makeini(
@@ -709,13 +707,11 @@ def test_log_file_ini(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     log_file = str(pytester.path.joinpath("pytest.log"))
 
     pytester.makeini(
-        """
+        f"""
         [pytest]
-        log_file={}
+        log_file={log_file}
         log_file_level=WARNING
-        """.format(
+        """
-            log_file
-        )
     )
     pytester.makepyfile(
         """
@@ -748,13 +744,11 @@ def test_log_file_ini_level(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     log_file = str(pytester.path.joinpath("pytest.log"))
 
     pytester.makeini(
-        """
+        f"""
         [pytest]
-        log_file={}
+        log_file={log_file}
         log_file_level = INFO
-        """.format(
+        """
-            log_file
-        )
     )
     pytester.makepyfile(
         """
@@ -787,13 +781,11 @@ def test_log_file_unicode(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     log_file = str(pytester.path.joinpath("pytest.log"))
 
     pytester.makeini(
-        """
+        f"""
         [pytest]
-        log_file={}
+        log_file={log_file}
         log_file_level = INFO
-        """.format(
+        """
-            log_file
-        )
     )
     pytester.makepyfile(
         """\
@@ -831,8 +823,8 @@ def test_live_logging_suspends_capture(
     is installed.
     """
     import contextlib
-    import logging
     from functools import partial
+    import logging
 
     from _pytest.logging import _LiveLoggingStreamHandler
 
@@ -923,13 +915,11 @@ def test_collection_logging_to_file(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     log_file = str(pytester.path.joinpath("pytest.log"))
 
     pytester.makeini(
-        """
+        f"""
         [pytest]
-        log_file={}
+        log_file={log_file}
         log_file_level = INFO
-        """.format(
+        """
-            log_file
-        )
     )
 
     pytester.makepyfile(
@@ -961,14 +951,12 @@ def test_log_in_hooks(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     log_file = str(pytester.path.joinpath("pytest.log"))
 
     pytester.makeini(
-        """
+        f"""
         [pytest]
-        log_file={}
+        log_file={log_file}
         log_file_level = INFO
         log_cli=true
-        """.format(
+        """
-            log_file
-        )
     )
     pytester.makeconftest(
         """
@@ -997,14 +985,12 @@ def test_log_in_runtest_logreport(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     log_file = str(pytester.path.joinpath("pytest.log"))
 
     pytester.makeini(
-        """
+        f"""
         [pytest]
-        log_file={}
+        log_file={log_file}
         log_file_level = INFO
         log_cli=true
-        """.format(
+        """
-            log_file
-        )
     )
     pytester.makeconftest(
         """
@@ -1038,19 +1024,17 @@ def test_log_set_path(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
         """
     )
     pytester.makeconftest(
-        """
+        f"""
             import os
             import pytest
             @pytest.hookimpl(wrapper=True, tryfirst=True)
             def pytest_runtest_setup(item):
                 config = item.config
                 logging_plugin = config.pluginmanager.get_plugin("logging-plugin")
-                report_file = os.path.join({}, item._request.node.name)
+                report_file = os.path.join({repr(report_dir_base)}, item._request.node.name)
                 logging_plugin.set_log_path(report_file)
                 return (yield)
-        """.format(
+        """
-            repr(report_dir_base)
-        )
     )
     pytester.makepyfile(
         """

testing/python/approx.py

@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
-import operator
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from decimal import Decimal
 from fractions import Fraction
 from math import sqrt
+import operator
 from operator import eq
 from operator import ne
 from typing import Optional
 
-import pytest
 from _pytest.pytester import Pytester
 from _pytest.python_api import _recursive_sequence_map
+import pytest
 from pytest import approx
 
+
 inf, nan = float("inf"), float("nan")
 
 
@@ -37,9 +38,7 @@ def mocked_doctest_runner(monkeypatch):
     class MyDocTestRunner(doctest.DocTestRunner):
         def report_failure(self, out, test, example, got):
             raise AssertionError(
-                "'{}' evaluates to '{}', not '{}'".format(
+                f"'{example.source.strip()}' evaluates to '{got.strip()}', not '{example.want.strip()}'"
-                    example.source.strip(), got.strip(), example.want.strip()
-                )
             )
 
     return MyDocTestRunner()

testing/python/collect.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ from typing import Any
 from typing import Dict
 
 import _pytest._code
-import pytest
 from _pytest.config import ExitCode
 from _pytest.main import Session
 from _pytest.monkeypatch import MonkeyPatch
@@ -13,6 +12,7 @@ from _pytest.nodes import Collector
 from _pytest.pytester import Pytester
 from _pytest.python import Class
 from _pytest.python import Function
+import pytest
 
 
 class TestModule:
@@ -53,13 +53,11 @@ class TestModule:
         monkeypatch.syspath_prepend(str(root1))
         p.write_text(
             textwrap.dedent(
-                """\
+                f"""\
                 import x456
                 def test():
-                    assert x456.__file__.startswith({!r})
+                    assert x456.__file__.startswith({str(root2)!r})
-                """.format(
+                """
-                    str(root2)
-                )
             ),
             encoding="utf-8",
         )

testing/python/fixtures.py

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 import os
+from pathlib import Path
 import sys
 import textwrap
-from pathlib import Path
 
-import pytest
 from _pytest.compat import getfuncargnames
 from _pytest.config import ExitCode
 from _pytest.fixtures import deduplicate_names
@@ -12,6 +11,7 @@ from _pytest.monkeypatch import MonkeyPatch
 from _pytest.pytester import get_public_names
 from _pytest.pytester import Pytester
 from _pytest.python import Function
+import pytest
 
 
 def test_getfuncargnames_functions():
@@ -1287,7 +1287,7 @@ class TestFixtureUsages:
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("scope", ["function", "session"])
     def test_parameters_without_eq_semantics(self, scope, pytester: Pytester) -> None:
         pytester.makepyfile(
-            """
+            f"""
             class NoEq1:  # fails on `a == b` statement
                 def __eq__(self, _):
                     raise RuntimeError
@@ -1309,9 +1309,7 @@ class TestFixtureUsages:
 
             def test2(no_eq):
                 pass
-        """.format(
+        """
-                scope=scope
-            )
         )
         result = pytester.runpytest()
         result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["*4 passed*"])
@@ -2198,7 +2196,7 @@ class TestAutouseManagement:
                 pass
             def test_check():
                 assert values == ["new1", "new2", "fin2", "fin1"]
-        """
+        """  # noqa: UP031 (python syntax issues)
             % locals()
         )
         reprec = pytester.inline_run("-s")
@@ -3086,8 +3084,8 @@ class TestFixtureMarker:
                 pass
             def test_other():
                 pass
-        """
+        """  # noqa: UP031 (python syntax issues)
-            % {"scope": scope}
+            % {"scope": scope}  # noqa: UP031 (python syntax issues)
         )
         reprec = pytester.inline_run("-lvs")
         reprec.assertoutcome(passed=3)
@@ -3286,7 +3284,7 @@ class TestRequestScopeAccess:
                 assert request.config
             def test_func():
                 pass
-        """
+        """  # noqa: UP031 (python syntax issues)
             % (scope, ok.split(), error.split())
         )
         reprec = pytester.inline_run("-l")
@@ -3307,7 +3305,7 @@ class TestRequestScopeAccess:
                 assert request.config
             def test_func(arg):
                 pass
-        """
+        """  # noqa: UP031 (python syntax issues)
             % (scope, ok.split(), error.split())
         )
         reprec = pytester.inline_run()