Use `ViewMarker` trait instead of the generic `Marker` to allow `impl ViewSequence` as return type (#472)

This allows returning `impl ViewSequence` as this was previously not
possibly as the `Marker` generic parameter couldn't be named (easily) in
`ViewSequence<..., Marker>`.

This also provides specialized `ViewSequence`s for xilem
(`WidgetViewSequence` and `FlexSequence`) as well as for xilem_web
(`DomFragment`). Additional doc-tests/documentation and a small example
(in `counter`) for xilem_web is provided as well.

This has the drawback to not being able to reeimplement `ViewSequence`
for types that already implement `View`, which was previously possible
(as seen by the now removed `NoElementView` `ViewSequence`
implementation).
And additionally by introducing more boilerplate by having to implement
`ViewMarker` for every type that implements `View`.

---------

Co-authored-by: Daniel McNab <36049421+DJMcNab@users.noreply.github.com>

xilem/examples/calc.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use masonry::widget::{CrossAxisAlignment, MainAxisAlignment};
 use winit::dpi::LogicalSize;
 use winit::error::EventLoopError;
 use winit::window::Window;
-use xilem::view::Flex;
+use xilem::view::{Flex, FlexSequence};
 use xilem::EventLoopBuilder;
 use xilem::{
     view::{button, flex, label, sized_box, Axis, FlexExt as _, FlexSpacer},
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ fn app_logic(data: &mut Calculator) -> impl WidgetView<Calculator> {
 }
 
 /// Creates a horizontal centered flex row designed for the display portion of the calculator.
-pub fn centered_flex_row<Seq, Marker>(sequence: Seq) -> Flex<Seq, Marker> {
+pub fn centered_flex_row<State, Seq: FlexSequence<State>>(sequence: Seq) -> Flex<Seq, State> {
     flex(sequence)
         .direction(Axis::Horizontal)
         .cross_axis_alignment(CrossAxisAlignment::Center)
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ pub fn centered_flex_row<Seq, Marker>(sequence: Seq) -> Flex<Seq, Marker> {
 }
 
 /// Creates a horizontal filled flex row designed to be used in a grid.
-pub fn flex_row<Seq, Marker>(sequence: Seq) -> Flex<Seq, Marker> {
+pub fn flex_row<State, Seq: FlexSequence<State>>(sequence: Seq) -> Flex<Seq, State> {
     flex(sequence)
         .direction(Axis::Horizontal)
         .cross_axis_alignment(CrossAxisAlignment::Fill)

xilem/examples/elm.rs

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ enum CountMessage {
 
 // `map_action()` is basically how elm works, i.e. provide a message that the parent view has to handle to update the state.
 // In this case the parent adjusts the count that is given to this view according to the message
-fn elm_counter<T>(count: i32) -> impl WidgetView<T, CountMessage> {
+fn elm_counter<T: 'static>(count: i32) -> impl WidgetView<T, CountMessage> {
     flex((
         label(format!("elm count: {count}")),
         button("+", |_| CountMessage::Increment),

xilem/examples/mason.rs

@@ -109,16 +109,18 @@ fn app_logic(data: &mut AppData) -> impl WidgetView<AppData> {
 
 fn toggleable(data: &mut AppData) -> impl WidgetView<AppData> {
     if data.active {
-        flex((
+        fork(
-            button("Deactivate", |data: &mut AppData| {
+            flex((
-                data.active = false;
+                button("Deactivate", |data: &mut AppData| {
-            }),
+                    data.active = false;
-            button("Unlimited Power", |data: &mut AppData| {
+                }),
-                data.count = -1_000_000;
+                button("Unlimited Power", |data: &mut AppData| {
-            }),
+                    data.count = -1_000_000;
+                }),
+            ))
+            .direction(Axis::Horizontal),
             run_once(|| tracing::warn!("The pathway to unlimited power has been revealed")),
-        ))
+        )
-        .direction(Axis::Horizontal)
         .boxed()
     } else {
         button("Activate", |data: &mut AppData| data.active = true).boxed()

xilem/src/lib.rs

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use winit::{
 };
 use xilem_core::{
     AsyncCtx, MessageResult, RawProxy, SuperElement, View, ViewElement, ViewId, ViewPathTracker,
+    ViewSequence,
 };
 
 pub use masonry::{
@@ -209,6 +210,30 @@ where
     type Widget = W;
 }
 
+/// An ordered sequence of widget views, it's used for `0..N` views.
+/// See [`ViewSequence`] for more technical details.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// use xilem::{view::prose, WidgetViewSequence};
+///
+/// fn prose_sequence<State: 'static>(
+///     texts: impl Iterator<Item = &'static str>,
+/// ) -> impl WidgetViewSequence<State> {
+///     texts.map(prose).collect::<Vec<_>>()
+/// }
+/// ```
+pub trait WidgetViewSequence<State, Action = ()>:
+    ViewSequence<State, Action, ViewCtx, Pod<any_view::DynWidget>>
+{
+}
+
+impl<Seq, State, Action> WidgetViewSequence<State, Action> for Seq where
+    Seq: ViewSequence<State, Action, ViewCtx, Pod<any_view::DynWidget>>
+{
+}
+
 type WidgetMap = HashMap<WidgetId, Vec<ViewId>>;
 
 pub struct ViewCtx {

xilem/src/view/async_repeat.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
 use std::{future::Future, marker::PhantomData, sync::Arc};
 
 use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
-use xilem_core::{DynMessage, Message, MessageProxy, NoElement, View, ViewId, ViewPathTracker};
+use xilem_core::{
+    DynMessage, Message, MessageProxy, NoElement, View, ViewId, ViewMarker, ViewPathTracker,
+};
 
 use crate::ViewCtx;
 
@@ -70,6 +72,7 @@ pub struct AsyncRepeat<F, H, M> {
     message: PhantomData<fn() -> M>,
 }
 
+impl<F, H, M> ViewMarker for AsyncRepeat<F, H, M> {}
 impl<State, Action, F, H, M, Fut> View<State, Action, ViewCtx> for AsyncRepeat<F, H, M>
 where
     F: Fn(MessageProxy<M>) -> Fut + 'static,

xilem/src/view/button.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 use crate::{core::View, Pod};
 use masonry::{widget, ArcStr};
-use xilem_core::Mut;
+use xilem_core::{Mut, ViewMarker};
 
 pub use masonry::PointerButton;
 
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ pub struct Button<F> {
     callback: F,
 }
 
+impl<F> ViewMarker for Button<F> {}
 impl<F, State, Action> View<State, Action, ViewCtx> for Button<F>
 where
     F: Fn(&mut State, PointerButton) -> MessageResult<Action> + Send + Sync + 'static,

xilem/src/view/checkbox.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 use masonry::{widget, ArcStr};
-use xilem_core::Mut;
+use xilem_core::{Mut, ViewMarker};
 
 use crate::{MessageResult, Pod, View, ViewCtx, ViewId};
 
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ pub struct Checkbox<F> {
     callback: F,
 }
 
+impl<F> ViewMarker for Checkbox<F> {}
 impl<F, State, Action> View<State, Action, ViewCtx> for Checkbox<F>
 where
     F: Fn(&mut State, bool) -> Action + Send + Sync + 'static,

xilem/src/view/flex.rs

@@ -9,36 +9,38 @@ use masonry::{
 };
 use xilem_core::{
     AppendVec, DynMessage, ElementSplice, MessageResult, Mut, SuperElement, View, ViewElement,
-    ViewId, ViewPathTracker, ViewSequence,
+    ViewId, ViewMarker, ViewPathTracker, ViewSequence,
 };
 
 use crate::{AnyWidgetView, Pod, ViewCtx, WidgetView};
 
 pub use masonry::widget::{Axis, CrossAxisAlignment, FlexParams, MainAxisAlignment};
 
-pub fn flex<Seq, Marker>(sequence: Seq) -> Flex<Seq, Marker> {
+pub fn flex<State, Action, Seq: FlexSequence<State, Action>>(
+    sequence: Seq,
+) -> Flex<Seq, State, Action> {
     Flex {
-        phantom: PhantomData,
         sequence,
         axis: Axis::Vertical,
         cross_axis_alignment: CrossAxisAlignment::Center,
         main_axis_alignment: MainAxisAlignment::Start,
         fill_major_axis: false,
         gap: None,
+        phantom: PhantomData,
     }
 }
 
-pub struct Flex<Seq, Marker> {
+pub struct Flex<Seq, State, Action = ()> {
     sequence: Seq,
     axis: Axis,
     cross_axis_alignment: CrossAxisAlignment,
     main_axis_alignment: MainAxisAlignment,
     fill_major_axis: bool,
-    phantom: PhantomData<fn() -> Marker>,
     gap: Option<f64>,
+    phantom: PhantomData<fn() -> (State, Action)>,
 }
 
-impl<Seq, Marker> Flex<Seq, Marker> {
+impl<Seq, State, Action> Flex<Seq, State, Action> {
     pub fn direction(mut self, axis: Axis) -> Self {
         self.axis = axis;
         self
@@ -85,9 +87,12 @@ impl<Seq, Marker> Flex<Seq, Marker> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<State, Action, Seq, Marker: 'static> View<State, Action, ViewCtx> for Flex<Seq, Marker>
+impl<Seq, State, Action> ViewMarker for Flex<Seq, State, Action> {}
+impl<State, Action, Seq> View<State, Action, ViewCtx> for Flex<Seq, State, Action>
 where
-    Seq: ViewSequence<State, Action, ViewCtx, FlexElement, Marker>,
+    State: 'static,
+    Action: 'static,
+    Seq: FlexSequence<State, Action>,
 {
     type Element = Pod<widget::Flex>;
 
@@ -303,6 +308,31 @@ impl ElementSplice<FlexElement> for FlexSplice<'_> {
     }
 }
 
+/// An ordered sequence of views for a [`Flex`] view.
+/// See [`ViewSequence`] for more technical details.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// use xilem::view::{label, FlexSequence, FlexExt as _};
+///
+/// fn label_sequence<State: 'static>(
+///     labels: impl Iterator<Item = &'static str>,
+///     flex: f64,
+/// ) -> impl FlexSequence<State> {
+///     labels.map(|l| label(l).flex(flex)).collect::<Vec<_>>()
+/// }
+/// ```
+pub trait FlexSequence<State, Action = ()>:
+    ViewSequence<State, Action, ViewCtx, FlexElement>
+{
+}
+
+impl<Seq, State, Action> FlexSequence<State, Action> for Seq where
+    Seq: ViewSequence<State, Action, ViewCtx, FlexElement>
+{
+}
+
 /// A trait which extends a [`WidgetView`] with methods to provide parameters for a flex item, or being able to use it interchangeably with a spacer
 pub trait FlexExt<State, Action>: WidgetView<State, Action> {
     /// Applies [`impl Into<FlexParams>`](`FlexParams`) to this view, can be used as child of a [`Flex`] [`View`]
@@ -407,6 +437,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+impl<V, State, Action> ViewMarker for FlexItem<V, State, Action> {}
 impl<State, Action, V> View<State, Action, ViewCtx> for FlexItem<V, State, Action>
 where
     State: 'static,
@@ -485,6 +516,7 @@ impl<State, Action> From<FlexSpacer> for AnyFlexChild<State, Action> {
     }
 }
 
+impl ViewMarker for FlexSpacer {}
 // This impl doesn't require a view id, as it neither receives, nor sends any messages
 // If this should ever change, it's necessary to adjust the `AnyFlexChild` `View` impl
 impl<State, Action> View<State, Action, ViewCtx> for FlexSpacer {
@@ -593,6 +625,7 @@ pub struct AnyFlexChildState<State: 'static, Action: 'static> {
     generation: u64,
 }
 
+impl<State, Action> ViewMarker for AnyFlexChild<State, Action> {}
 impl<State, Action> View<State, Action, ViewCtx> for AnyFlexChild<State, Action>
 where
     State: 'static,

xilem/src/view/label.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 use masonry::{text::TextBrush, widget, ArcStr};
-use xilem_core::Mut;
+use xilem_core::{Mut, ViewMarker};
 
 use crate::{Color, MessageResult, Pod, TextAlignment, View, ViewCtx, ViewId};
 
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ impl Label {
     }
 }
 
+impl ViewMarker for Label {}
 impl<State, Action> View<State, Action, ViewCtx> for Label {
     type Element = Pod<widget::Label>;
     type ViewState = ();

xilem/src/view/prose.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 use masonry::{text::TextBrush, widget, ArcStr};
-use xilem_core::Mut;
+use xilem_core::{Mut, ViewMarker};
 
 use crate::{Color, MessageResult, Pod, TextAlignment, View, ViewCtx, ViewId};
 
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ impl Prose {
     }
 }
 
+impl ViewMarker for Prose {}
 impl<State, Action> View<State, Action, ViewCtx> for Prose {
     type Element = Pod<widget::Prose>;
     type ViewState = ();

xilem/src/view/sized_box.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 use masonry::widget;
+use xilem_core::ViewMarker;
 
 use crate::{
     core::{Mut, View, ViewId},
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ impl<V> SizedBox<V> {
     }
 }
 
+impl<V> ViewMarker for SizedBox<V> {}
 impl<V, State, Action> View<State, Action, ViewCtx> for SizedBox<V>
 where
     V: WidgetView<State, Action>,

xilem/src/view/textbox.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 use masonry::{text::TextBrush, widget};
-use xilem_core::{Mut, View};
+use xilem_core::{Mut, View, ViewMarker};
 
 use crate::{Color, MessageResult, Pod, TextAlignment, ViewCtx, ViewId};
 
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ impl<State, Action> Textbox<State, Action> {
     }
 }
 
+impl<State, Action> ViewMarker for Textbox<State, Action> {}
 impl<State: 'static, Action: 'static> View<State, Action, ViewCtx> for Textbox<State, Action> {
     type Element = Pod<widget::Textbox>;
     type ViewState = ();

xilem_core/examples/filesystem.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 use std::{io::stdin, path::PathBuf};
 
 use xilem_core::{
-    AnyElement, AnyView, Mut, SuperElement, View, ViewElement, ViewId, ViewPathTracker,
+    AnyElement, AnyView, Mut, SuperElement, View, ViewElement, ViewId, ViewMarker, ViewPathTracker,
 };
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ impl ViewElement for FsPath {
     type Mut<'a> = &'a mut PathBuf;
 }
 
+impl ViewMarker for File {}
 impl<State, Action> View<State, Action, ViewCtx> for File {
     type Element = FsPath;
     type ViewState = ();

xilem_core/examples/user_interface.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 use core::any::Any;
 
 use xilem_core::{
-    DynMessage, MessageResult, Mut, SuperElement, View, ViewElement, ViewId, ViewPathTracker,
+    DynMessage, MessageResult, Mut, SuperElement, View, ViewElement, ViewId, ViewMarker,
+    ViewPathTracker,
 };
 
 pub fn app_logic(_: &mut u32) -> impl WidgetView<u32> {
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ impl<W: Widget> ViewElement for WidgetPod<W> {
     type Mut<'a> = WidgetMut<'a, W>;
 }
 
+impl ViewMarker for Button {}
 impl<State, Action> View<State, Action, ViewCtx> for Button {
     type Element = WidgetPod<ButtonWidget>;
     type ViewState = ();

xilem_core/src/any_view.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ use core::any::Any;
 use alloc::boxed::Box;
 
 use crate::{
-    AnyElement, DynMessage, MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewElement, ViewId, ViewPathTracker,
+    AnyElement, DynMessage, MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewElement, ViewId, ViewMarker,
+    ViewPathTracker,
 };
 
 /// A view which can have any view type where the [`View::Element`] is compatible with
@@ -171,6 +172,10 @@ pub struct AnyViewState {
     generation: u64,
 }
 
+impl<State, Action, Context, Element, Message> ViewMarker
+    for dyn AnyView<State, Action, Context, Element, Message>
+{
+}
 impl<State, Action, Context, Element, Message> View<State, Action, Context, Message>
     for dyn AnyView<State, Action, Context, Element, Message>
 where
@@ -220,6 +225,11 @@ where
 }
 
 // TODO: IWBN if we could avoid this
+
+impl<State, Action, Context, Element, Message> ViewMarker
+    for dyn AnyView<State, Action, Context, Element, Message> + Send
+{
+}
 impl<State, Action, Context, Element, Message> View<State, Action, Context, Message>
     for dyn AnyView<State, Action, Context, Element, Message> + Send
 where
@@ -268,6 +278,10 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+impl<State, Action, Context, Element, Message> ViewMarker
+    for dyn AnyView<State, Action, Context, Element, Message> + Send + Sync
+{
+}
 impl<State, Action, Context, Element, Message> View<State, Action, Context, Message>
     for dyn AnyView<State, Action, Context, Element, Message> + Send + Sync
 where
@@ -316,6 +330,10 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+impl<State, Action, Context, Element, Message> ViewMarker
+    for dyn AnyView<State, Action, Context, Element, Message> + Sync
+{
+}
 impl<State, Action, Context, Element, Message> View<State, Action, Context, Message>
     for dyn AnyView<State, Action, Context, Element, Message> + Sync
 where

xilem_core/src/element.rs

@@ -94,3 +94,16 @@ pub struct NoElement;
 impl ViewElement for NoElement {
     type Mut<'a> = ();
 }
+
+impl SuperElement<NoElement> for NoElement {
+    fn upcast(child: NoElement) -> Self {
+        child
+    }
+
+    fn with_downcast_val<R>(
+        this: Mut<'_, Self>,
+        f: impl FnOnce(Mut<'_, NoElement>) -> R,
+    ) -> (Self::Mut<'_>, R) {
+        ((), f(this))
+    }
+}

xilem_core/src/lib.rs

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ mod deferred;
 pub use deferred::{AsyncCtx, MessageProxy, PhantomView, ProxyError, RawProxy};
 
 mod view;
-pub use view::{View, ViewId, ViewPathTracker};
+pub use view::{View, ViewId, ViewMarker, ViewPathTracker};
 
 mod views;
 pub use views::{

xilem_core/src/sequence.rs

@@ -9,8 +9,10 @@ use core::sync::atomic::Ordering;
 use alloc::vec::Drain;
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
 
-use crate::element::NoElement;
+// use crate::element::NoElement;
-use crate::{DynMessage, MessageResult, SuperElement, View, ViewElement, ViewId, ViewPathTracker};
+use crate::{
+    DynMessage, MessageResult, SuperElement, View, ViewElement, ViewId, ViewMarker, ViewPathTracker,
+};
 
 /// An append only `Vec`.
 ///
@@ -74,11 +76,11 @@ impl<T> Default for AppendVec<T> {
 ///    Note that this will have persistent allocation with size proportional
 ///    to the *longest* `Vec` which is ever provided in the View tree, as this
 ///    uses a generational indexing scheme.
+///  - An [`array`] of `ViewSequence` values.
 ///  - Tuples of `ViewSequences` with up to 15 elements.
 ///    These can be nested if an ad-hoc sequence of more than 15 sequences is needed.
 ///
-pub trait ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, Marker, Message = DynMessage>:
+pub trait ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, Message = DynMessage>: 'static
-    'static
 where
     Context: ViewPathTracker,
     Element: ViewElement,
@@ -143,15 +145,11 @@ pub trait ElementSplice<Element: ViewElement> {
     fn delete<R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(Element::Mut<'_>) -> R) -> R;
 }
 
-/// Marker type to workaround trait ambiguity.
-#[doc(hidden)]
-pub struct WasAView;
-
 impl<State, Action, Context, V, Element, Message>
-    ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, WasAView, Message> for V
+    ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, Message> for V
 where
     Context: ViewPathTracker,
-    V: View<State, Action, Context, Message>,
+    V: View<State, Action, Context, Message> + ViewMarker,
     Element: SuperElement<V::Element>,
     V::Element: ViewElement,
 {
@@ -218,10 +216,10 @@ pub struct OptionSeqState<InnerState> {
 ///
 /// Will mark messages which were sent to a `Some` value if a `None` has since
 /// occurred as stale.
-impl<State, Action, Context, Element, Marker, Seq, Message>
+impl<State, Action, Context, Element, Seq, Message>
-    ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, Option<Marker>, Message> for Option<Seq>
+    ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, Message> for Option<Seq>
 where
-    Seq: ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, Marker, Message>,
+    Seq: ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, Message>,
     Context: ViewPathTracker,
     Element: ViewElement,
 {
@@ -338,57 +336,6 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-/// A `View` with [no element](crate::NoElement) can be added to any [`ViewSequence`], because it does not use any
-/// properties of the `Element` type.
-impl<State, Action, Context, Element, NoElementView, Message>
-    ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, NoElement, Message> for NoElementView
-where
-    NoElementView: View<State, Action, Context, Message, Element = NoElement>,
-    Element: ViewElement,
-    Context: ViewPathTracker,
-{
-    #[doc(hidden)]
-    type SeqState = NoElementView::ViewState;
-
-    #[doc(hidden)]
-    fn seq_build(&self, ctx: &mut Context, _: &mut AppendVec<Element>) -> Self::SeqState {
-        let (NoElement, state) = self.build(ctx);
-        state
-    }
-
-    #[doc(hidden)]
-    fn seq_rebuild(
-        &self,
-        prev: &Self,
-        seq_state: &mut Self::SeqState,
-        ctx: &mut Context,
-        _: &mut impl ElementSplice<Element>,
-    ) {
-        self.rebuild(prev, seq_state, ctx, ());
-    }
-
-    #[doc(hidden)]
-    fn seq_teardown(
-        &self,
-        seq_state: &mut Self::SeqState,
-        ctx: &mut Context,
-        _: &mut impl ElementSplice<Element>,
-    ) {
-        self.teardown(seq_state, ctx, ());
-    }
-
-    #[doc(hidden)]
-    fn seq_message(
-        &self,
-        seq_state: &mut Self::SeqState,
-        id_path: &[ViewId],
-        message: Message,
-        app_state: &mut State,
-    ) -> MessageResult<Action, Message> {
-        self.message(seq_state, id_path, message, app_state)
-    }
-}
-
 /// The state used to implement `ViewSequence` for `Vec<impl ViewSequence>`
 ///
 /// We use a generation arena for vector types, with half of the `ViewId` dedicated
@@ -428,10 +375,10 @@ fn view_id_to_index_generation(view_id: ViewId) -> (usize, u32) {
 ///
 /// Will mark messages which were sent to any index as stale if
 /// that index has been unused in the meantime.
-impl<State, Action, Context, Element, Marker, Seq, Message>
+impl<State, Action, Context, Element, Seq, Message>
-    ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, Vec<Marker>, Message> for Vec<Seq>
+    ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, Message> for Vec<Seq>
 where
-    Seq: ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, Marker, Message>,
+    Seq: ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, Message>,
     Context: ViewPathTracker,
     Element: ViewElement,
 {
@@ -582,10 +529,10 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<State, Action, Context, Element, Marker, Seq, Message, const N: usize>
+impl<State, Action, Context, Element, Seq, Message, const N: usize>
-    ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, Vec<Marker>, Message> for [Seq; N]
+    ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, Message> for [Seq; N]
 where
-    Seq: ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, Marker, Message>,
+    Seq: ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, Message>,
     Context: ViewPathTracker,
     Element: ViewElement,
 {
@@ -661,7 +608,7 @@ where
 }
 
 impl<State, Action, Context, Element, Message>
-    ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, (), Message> for ()
+    ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, Message> for ()
 where
     Context: ViewPathTracker,
     Element: ViewElement,
@@ -699,10 +646,10 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<State, Action, Context, Element, Marker, Seq, Message>
+impl<State, Action, Context, Element, Seq, Message>
-    ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, (Marker,), Message> for (Seq,)
+    ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, Message> for (Seq,)
 where
-    Seq: ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, Marker, Message>,
+    Seq: ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, Message>,
     Context: ViewPathTracker,
     Element: ViewElement,
 {
@@ -753,12 +700,9 @@ macro_rules! impl_view_tuple {
                 Action,
                 Context: ViewPathTracker,
                 Element: ViewElement,
-                $(
+                $($seq: ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, Message>,)+
-                    $marker,
-                    $seq: ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, $marker, Message>,
-                )+
                 Message,
-            > ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, ($($marker,)+), Message> for ($($seq,)+)
+            > ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, Element, Message> for ($($seq,)+)
 
         {
             type SeqState = ($($seq::SeqState,)+);

xilem_core/src/view.rs

@@ -9,6 +9,22 @@ use alloc::{boxed::Box, sync::Arc};
 
 use crate::{message::MessageResult, DynMessage, Mut, ViewElement};
 
+/// A type which can be a [`View`]. Imposes no requirements on the underlying type.
+/// Should be implemented alongside every `View` implementation:
+/// ```ignore
+/// impl<...> ViewMarker for Button<...> {}
+/// impl<...> View<...> for Button<...> {...}
+/// ```
+///
+/// ## Details
+///
+/// Because `View` is generic, Rust [allows you](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/implementations.html#orphan-rules) to implement this trait for certain non-local types.
+/// These non-local types can include `Vec<_>` and `Option<_>`.
+/// If this trait were not present, those implementations of `View` would conflict with those types' implementations of `ViewSequence`.
+/// This is because every `View` type also implementations `ViewSequence`.
+/// Since `ViewMarker` is not generic, these non-local implementations are not permitted for this trait, which means that the conflicting implementation cannot happen.
+pub trait ViewMarker {}
+
 /// A lightweight, short-lived representation of the state of a retained
 /// structure, usually a user interface node.
 ///
@@ -30,11 +46,21 @@ use crate::{message::MessageResult, DynMessage, Mut, ViewElement};
 /// During message handling, mutable access to the app state is given to view nodes,
 /// which will in turn generally expose it to callbacks.
 ///
+/// Due to restrictions of the [orphan rules](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/implementations.html#orphan-rules),
+/// `ViewMarker` needs to be implemented for every type that implements `View`, see [`ViewMarker`] for more details.
+/// For example:
+/// ```ignore
+/// impl<...> ViewMarker for Button<...> {}
+/// impl<...> View<...> for Button<...> {...}
+/// ```
+///
 /// ## Alloc
 ///
 /// In order to support the default open-ended [`DynMessage`] type as `Message`, this trait requires an
 /// allocator to be available.
-pub trait View<State, Action, Context: ViewPathTracker, Message = DynMessage>: 'static {
+pub trait View<State, Action, Context: ViewPathTracker, Message = DynMessage>:
+    ViewMarker + 'static
+{
     /// The element type which this view operates on.
     type Element: ViewElement;
     /// State that is used over the lifetime of the retained representation of the view.
@@ -137,6 +163,7 @@ pub trait ViewPathTracker {
     }
 }
 
+impl<V: ?Sized> ViewMarker for Box<V> {}
 impl<State, Action, Context, Message, V> View<State, Action, Context, Message> for Box<V>
 where
     Context: ViewPathTracker,
@@ -185,6 +212,7 @@ pub struct ArcState<ViewState> {
     dirty: bool,
 }
 
+impl<V: ?Sized> ViewMarker for Arc<V> {}
 /// An implementation of [`View`] which only runs rebuild if the states are different
 impl<State, Action, Context, Message, V> View<State, Action, Context, Message> for Arc<V>
 where

xilem_core/src/views/adapt.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 use core::marker::PhantomData;
 
-use crate::{MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewId, ViewPathTracker};
+use crate::{MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewId, ViewMarker, ViewPathTracker};
 
 /// A view that wraps a child view and modifies the state that callbacks have access to.
 pub struct Adapt<
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@ pub struct Adapt<
         &mut ParentState,
         AdaptThunk<ChildState, ChildAction, Context, ChildView, Message>,
     ) -> MessageResult<ParentAction>,
-> where
+> {
-    Context: ViewPathTracker,
-{
     proxy_fn: ProxyFn,
     child: ChildView,
     #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
@@ -147,6 +145,10 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+impl<ParentState, ParentAction, ChildState, ChildAction, Context, Message, V, F> ViewMarker
+    for Adapt<ParentState, ParentAction, ChildState, ChildAction, Context, V, Message, F>
+{
+}
 impl<ParentState, ParentAction, ChildState, ChildAction, Context, Message, V, F>
     View<ParentState, ParentAction, Context, Message>
     for Adapt<ParentState, ParentAction, ChildState, ChildAction, Context, V, Message, F>

xilem_core/src/views/fork.rs

@@ -1,40 +1,37 @@
 // Copyright 2024 the Xilem Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-use core::marker::PhantomData;
-
 use crate::{
-    AppendVec, ElementSplice, Mut, NoElement, View, ViewId, ViewPathTracker, ViewSequence,
+    AppendVec, ElementSplice, Mut, NoElement, View, ViewId, ViewMarker, ViewPathTracker,
+    ViewSequence,
 };
 
 /// Create a view which acts as `active_view`, whilst also running `alongside_view`, without inserting it into the tree.
 ///
 /// `alongside_view` must be a `ViewSequence` with an element type of [`NoElement`].
-pub fn fork<Active, Alongside, Marker>(
+pub fn fork<Active, Alongside>(
     active_view: Active,
     alongside_view: Alongside,
-) -> Fork<Active, Alongside, Marker> {
+) -> Fork<Active, Alongside> {
     Fork {
         active_view,
         alongside_view,
-        marker: PhantomData,
     }
 }
 
 /// The view for [`fork`].
-pub struct Fork<Active, Alongside, Marker> {
+pub struct Fork<Active, Alongside> {
     active_view: Active,
     alongside_view: Alongside,
-    marker: PhantomData<Marker>,
 }
 
-impl<State, Action, Context, Active, Alongside, Marker, Message>
+impl<Active, Alongside> ViewMarker for Fork<Active, Alongside> {}
-    View<State, Action, Context, Message> for Fork<Active, Alongside, Marker>
+impl<State, Action, Context, Active, Alongside, Message> View<State, Action, Context, Message>
+    for Fork<Active, Alongside>
 where
     Active: View<State, Action, Context, Message>,
-    Alongside: ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, NoElement, Marker, Message>,
+    Alongside: ViewSequence<State, Action, Context, NoElement, Message>,
     Context: ViewPathTracker,
-    Marker: 'static,
 {
     type Element = Active::Element;
 
@@ -111,12 +108,8 @@ where
 
 /// A stub `ElementSplice` implementation for `NoElement`.
 ///
-/// We know that none of the methods will be called, because the `ViewSequence`
-/// implementation for `NoElement` views does not use the provided `elements`.
-///
 /// It is technically possible for someone to create an implementation of `ViewSequence`
-/// which uses a `NoElement` `ElementSplice`. But we don't think that sequence could be meaningful,
+/// which uses a `NoElement` `ElementSplice`. But we don't think that sequence could be meaningful.
-/// so we still panic in that case.
 struct NoElements;
 
 impl ElementSplice<NoElement> for NoElements {
@@ -127,21 +120,15 @@ impl ElementSplice<NoElement> for NoElements {
         ret
     }
 
-    fn insert(&mut self, _: NoElement) {
+    fn insert(&mut self, _: NoElement) {}
-        unreachable!()
+
+    fn mutate<R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(<NoElement as crate::ViewElement>::Mut<'_>) -> R) -> R {
+        f(())
     }
 
-    fn mutate<R>(&mut self, _: impl FnOnce(<NoElement as crate::ViewElement>::Mut<'_>) -> R) -> R {
+    fn skip(&mut self, _: usize) {}
-        unreachable!()
-    }
 
-    fn skip(&mut self, n: usize) {
+    fn delete<R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(<NoElement as crate::ViewElement>::Mut<'_>) -> R) -> R {
-        if n > 0 {
+        f(())
-            unreachable!()
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn delete<R>(&mut self, _: impl FnOnce(<NoElement as crate::ViewElement>::Mut<'_>) -> R) -> R {
-        unreachable!()
     }
 }

xilem_core/src/views/map_action.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 use core::marker::PhantomData;
 
-use crate::{Mut, View, ViewId, ViewPathTracker};
+use crate::{Mut, View, ViewId, ViewMarker, ViewPathTracker};
 
 /// A view that maps a child [`View<State,ChildAction,_>`] to [`View<State,ParentAction,_>`] while providing mutable access to `State` in the map function.
 ///
@@ -68,6 +68,10 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+impl<State, ParentAction, ChildAction, V, F> ViewMarker
+    for MapAction<State, ParentAction, ChildAction, V, F>
+{
+}
 impl<State, ParentAction, ChildAction, Context: ViewPathTracker, Message, V, F>
     View<State, ParentAction, Context, Message>
     for MapAction<State, ParentAction, ChildAction, V, F>

xilem_core/src/views/map_state.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 use core::marker::PhantomData;
 
-use crate::{MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewId, ViewPathTracker};
+use crate::{MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewId, ViewMarker, ViewPathTracker};
 
 /// A view that "extracts" state from a [`View<ParentState,_,_>`] to [`View<ChildState,_,_>`].
 /// This allows modularization of views based on their state.
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+impl<ParentState, ChildState, V, F> ViewMarker for MapState<ParentState, ChildState, V, F> {}
 impl<ParentState, ChildState, Action, Context: ViewPathTracker, Message, V, F>
     View<ParentState, Action, Context, Message> for MapState<ParentState, ChildState, V, F>
 where

xilem_core/src/views/memoize.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 use core::marker::PhantomData;
 use core::mem::size_of;
 
-use crate::{MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewId, ViewPathTracker};
+use crate::{MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewId, ViewMarker, ViewPathTracker};
 
 /// A view which supports Memoization.
 ///
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ pub struct MemoizeState<V, VState> {
     dirty: bool,
 }
 
+impl<Data, ViewFn, State, Action> ViewMarker for Memoize<Data, ViewFn, State, Action> {}
 impl<State, Action, Context, Data, V, ViewFn, Message> View<State, Action, Context, Message>
     for Memoize<Data, ViewFn, State, Action>
 where
@@ -172,6 +173,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+impl<InitView, State, Action> ViewMarker for Frozen<InitView, State, Action> {}
 impl<State, Action, Context, Message, V, InitView> View<State, Action, Context, Message>
     for Frozen<InitView, State, Action>
 where

xilem_core/src/views/one_of.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 //! Statically typed alternatives to the type-erased [`AnyView`](`crate::AnyView`).
 
-use crate::{MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewElement, ViewId, ViewPathTracker};
+use crate::{MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewElement, ViewId, ViewMarker, ViewPathTracker};
 use hidden::OneOfState;
 
 /// This trait allows, specifying a type as `ViewElement`, which should never be constructed or used,
@@ -146,6 +146,7 @@ pub trait OneOfCtx<
     );
 }
 
+impl<A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I> ViewMarker for OneOf<A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I> {}
 /// The `OneOf` types and `Either` are [`View`]s if all of their possible types are themselves `View`s.
 impl<State, Action, Context, Message, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I>
     View<State, Action, Context, Message> for OneOf<A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I>
@@ -517,13 +518,14 @@ where
 // to export it. Since this (`one_of`) module is public, we create a new module, allowing it to be pub but not exposed.
 #[doc(hidden)]
 mod hidden {
-    use crate::View;
+    use crate::{View, ViewMarker};
 
     use super::PhantomElementCtx;
 
     #[allow(unreachable_pub)]
     pub enum Never {}
 
+    impl ViewMarker for Never {}
     impl<State, Action, Context: PhantomElementCtx, Message> View<State, Action, Context, Message>
         for Never
     {

xilem_core/src/views/orphan.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 // Copyright 2024 the Xilem Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-use crate::{DynMessage, MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewElement, ViewId, ViewPathTracker};
+use crate::{
+    DynMessage, MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewElement, ViewId, ViewMarker, ViewPathTracker,
+};
 
 /// This trait provides a way to add [`View`] implementations for types that would be restricted otherwise by the orphan rules.
 /// Every type that can be supported with this trait, needs a concrete `View` implementation in `xilem_core`, possibly feature-gated.
@@ -43,6 +45,8 @@ pub trait OrphanView<V, State, Action, Message = DynMessage>: ViewPathTracker +
 
 macro_rules! impl_orphan_view_for {
     ($ty: ty) => {
+        impl ViewMarker for $ty {}
+
         impl<State, Action, Context, Message> View<State, Action, Context, Message> for $ty
         where
             Context: OrphanView<$ty, State, Action, Message>,
@@ -111,7 +115,7 @@ impl_orphan_view_for!(usize);
 /// These [`OrphanView`] implementations can e.g. be used in a vector graphics context, as for example seen in `xilem_web` within svg nodes
 mod kurbo {
     use super::OrphanView;
-    use crate::{MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewId};
+    use crate::{MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewId, ViewMarker};
     impl_orphan_view_for!(kurbo::PathSeg);
     impl_orphan_view_for!(kurbo::Arc);
     impl_orphan_view_for!(kurbo::BezPath);

xilem_core/src/views/run_once.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 use core::fmt::Debug;
 
-use crate::{MessageResult, NoElement, View, ViewPathTracker};
+use crate::{MessageResult, NoElement, View, ViewMarker, ViewPathTracker};
 
 /// A view which executes `once` exactly once.
 ///
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ pub struct RunOnce<F> {
     once: F,
 }
 
+impl<F> ViewMarker for RunOnce<F> {}
 impl<F, State, Action, Context, Message> View<State, Action, Context, Message> for RunOnce<F>
 where
     Context: ViewPathTracker,

xilem_core/tests/common/mod.rs

@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 #![allow(dead_code)] // This is a utility module, which means that some exposed items aren't
 #![deny(unreachable_pub)]
 
-use std::marker::PhantomData;
-
 use xilem_core::*;
 
 #[derive(Default)]
@@ -68,27 +66,22 @@ pub(super) struct Action {
     _priv: (),
 }
 
-pub(super) struct SequenceView<Seq, Marker> {
+pub(super) struct SequenceView<Seq> {
     id: u32,
     seq: Seq,
-    phantom: PhantomData<Marker>,
 }
 
-pub(super) fn sequence<Seq, Marker>(id: u32, seq: Seq) -> SequenceView<Seq, Marker>
+pub(super) fn sequence<Seq>(id: u32, seq: Seq) -> SequenceView<Seq>
 where
-    Seq: ViewSequence<(), Action, TestCtx, TestElement, Marker>,
+    Seq: ViewSequence<(), Action, TestCtx, TestElement>,
 {
-    SequenceView {
+    SequenceView { id, seq }
-        id,
-        seq,
-        phantom: PhantomData,
-    }
 }
 
-impl<Seq, Marker> View<(), Action, TestCtx> for SequenceView<Seq, Marker>
+impl<Seq> ViewMarker for SequenceView<Seq> {}
+impl<Seq> View<(), Action, TestCtx> for SequenceView<Seq>
 where
-    Seq: ViewSequence<(), Action, TestCtx, TestElement, Marker>,
+    Seq: ViewSequence<(), Action, TestCtx, TestElement>,
-    Marker: 'static,
 {
     type Element = TestElement;
 
@@ -160,6 +153,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+impl<const N: u32> ViewMarker for OperationView<N> {}
 impl<const N: u32> View<(), Action, TestCtx> for OperationView<N> {
     type Element = TestElement;
 

xilem_web/src/attribute.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use wasm_bindgen::{JsCast, UnwrapThrowExt};
-use xilem_core::{MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewElement, ViewId};
+use xilem_core::{MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewElement, ViewId, ViewMarker};
 
 use crate::{
     vecmap::VecMap, AttributeValue, DomNode, DynMessage, ElementProps, Pod, PodMut, ViewCtx,
@@ -249,7 +249,8 @@ impl<E, T, A> Attr<E, T, A> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T, A, E> View<T, A, ViewCtx, DynMessage> for Attr<E, T, A>
+impl<E, T, A> ViewMarker for Attr<E, T, A> {}
+impl<E, T, A> View<T, A, ViewCtx, DynMessage> for Attr<E, T, A>
 where
     T: 'static,
     A: 'static,

xilem_web/src/class.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use wasm_bindgen::{JsCast, UnwrapThrowExt};
 
-use xilem_core::{MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewElement, ViewId};
+use xilem_core::{MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewElement, ViewId, ViewMarker};
 
 use crate::{vecmap::VecMap, DomNode, DynMessage, ElementProps, Pod, PodMut, ViewCtx};
 
@@ -289,6 +289,7 @@ impl<E, C, T, A> Class<E, C, T, A> {
     }
 }
 
+impl<E, C, T, A> ViewMarker for Class<E, C, T, A> {}
 impl<E, C, T, A> View<T, A, ViewCtx, DynMessage> for Class<E, C, T, A>
 where
     T: 'static,

xilem_web/src/concurrent/memoized_await.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use std::{future::Future, marker::PhantomData};
 
 use wasm_bindgen::{closure::Closure, JsCast, UnwrapThrowExt};
 use wasm_bindgen_futures::spawn_local;
-use xilem_core::{MessageResult, Mut, NoElement, View, ViewId, ViewPathTracker};
+use xilem_core::{MessageResult, Mut, NoElement, View, ViewId, ViewMarker, ViewPathTracker};
 
 use crate::{DynMessage, OptionalAction, ViewCtx};
 
@@ -153,6 +153,10 @@ enum MemoizedAwaitMessage<Output: std::fmt::Debug> {
     ScheduleUpdate,
 }
 
+impl<State, Action, OA, InitFuture, Data, CB, F, FOut> ViewMarker
+    for MemoizedAwait<State, Action, OA, InitFuture, Data, CB, F, FOut>
+{
+}
 impl<State, Action, InitFuture, F, FOut, Data, CB, OA> View<State, Action, ViewCtx, DynMessage>
     for MemoizedAwait<State, Action, OA, InitFuture, Data, CB, F, FOut>
 where

xilem_web/src/elements.rs

@@ -8,23 +8,17 @@ use std::{any::Any, rc::Rc};
 use wasm_bindgen::{JsCast, UnwrapThrowExt};
 
 use crate::{
-    core::{AppendVec, ElementSplice, MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewId, ViewSequence},
+    core::{AppendVec, ElementSplice, MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewId, ViewMarker},
     document,
     element_props::ElementProps,
     vec_splice::VecSplice,
-    AnyPod, DomNode, DynMessage, Pod, ViewCtx, HTML_NS,
+    AnyPod, DomFragment, DomNode, DynMessage, Pod, ViewCtx, HTML_NS,
 };
 
-mod sealed {
-    pub trait Sealed<State, Action, SeqMarker> {}
-}
-
 // sealed, because this should only cover `ViewSequences` with the blanket impl below
 /// This is basically a specialized dynamically dispatchable [`ViewSequence`], It's currently not able to change the underlying type unlike [`AnyDomView`](crate::AnyDomView), so it should not be used as `dyn DomViewSequence`.
 /// It's mostly a hack to avoid a completely static view tree, which unfortunately brings rustc (type-checking) down to its knees and results in long compile-times
-pub(crate) trait DomViewSequence<State, Action, SeqMarker>:
+pub(crate) trait DomViewSequence<State, Action>: 'static {
-    sealed::Sealed<State, Action, SeqMarker> + 'static
-{
     /// Get an [`Any`] reference to `self`.
     fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any;
 
@@ -35,7 +29,7 @@ pub(crate) trait DomViewSequence<State, Action, SeqMarker>:
     /// Update the associated widgets.
     fn dyn_seq_rebuild(
         &self,
-        prev: &dyn DomViewSequence<State, Action, SeqMarker>,
+        prev: &dyn DomViewSequence<State, Action>,
         seq_state: &mut Box<dyn Any>,
         ctx: &mut ViewCtx,
         elements: &mut DomChildrenSplice,
@@ -62,21 +56,11 @@ pub(crate) trait DomViewSequence<State, Action, SeqMarker>:
     ) -> MessageResult<Action, DynMessage>;
 }
 
-impl<State, Action, SeqMarker, S> sealed::Sealed<State, Action, SeqMarker> for S
+impl<State, Action, S> DomViewSequence<State, Action> for S
 where
     State: 'static,
-    SeqMarker: 'static,
     Action: 'static,
-    S: ViewSequence<State, Action, ViewCtx, AnyPod, SeqMarker, DynMessage>,
+    S: DomFragment<State, Action>,
-{
-}
-
-impl<State, Action, SeqMarker, S> DomViewSequence<State, Action, SeqMarker> for S
-where
-    State: 'static,
-    SeqMarker: 'static,
-    Action: 'static,
-    S: ViewSequence<State, Action, ViewCtx, AnyPod, SeqMarker, DynMessage>,
 {
     fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
         self
@@ -88,7 +72,7 @@ where
 
     fn dyn_seq_rebuild(
         &self,
-        prev: &dyn DomViewSequence<State, Action, SeqMarker>,
+        prev: &dyn DomViewSequence<State, Action>,
         seq_state: &mut Box<dyn Any>,
         ctx: &mut ViewCtx,
         elements: &mut DomChildrenSplice,
@@ -233,8 +217,8 @@ impl ElementState {
 
 // These (boilerplatey) functions are there to reduce the boilerplate created by the macro-expansion below.
 
-pub(crate) fn build_element<State, Action, Element, SeqMarker>(
+pub(crate) fn build_element<State, Action, Element>(
-    children: &dyn DomViewSequence<State, Action, SeqMarker>,
+    children: &dyn DomViewSequence<State, Action>,
     tag_name: &str,
     ns: &str,
     ctx: &mut ViewCtx,
@@ -243,7 +227,6 @@ where
     State: 'static,
     Action: 'static,
     Element: 'static,
-    SeqMarker: 'static,
     Element: From<Pod<web_sys::Element, ElementProps>>,
 {
     let mut elements = AppendVec::default();
@@ -254,9 +237,9 @@ where
     )
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn rebuild_element<'el, State, Action, Element, SeqMarker>(
+pub(crate) fn rebuild_element<'el, State, Action, Element>(
-    children: &dyn DomViewSequence<State, Action, SeqMarker>,
+    children: &dyn DomViewSequence<State, Action>,
-    prev_children: &dyn DomViewSequence<State, Action, SeqMarker>,
+    prev_children: &dyn DomViewSequence<State, Action>,
     element: Mut<'el, Pod<Element, ElementProps>>,
     state: &mut ElementState,
     ctx: &mut ViewCtx,
@@ -265,7 +248,6 @@ where
     State: 'static,
     Action: 'static,
     Element: 'static,
-    SeqMarker: 'static,
     Element: DomNode<ElementProps>,
 {
     let mut dom_children_splice = DomChildrenSplice::new(
@@ -285,8 +267,8 @@ where
     element
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn teardown_element<State, Action, Element, SeqMarker>(
+pub(crate) fn teardown_element<State, Action, Element>(
-    children: &dyn DomViewSequence<State, Action, SeqMarker>,
+    children: &dyn DomViewSequence<State, Action>,
     element: Mut<'_, Pod<Element, ElementProps>>,
     state: &mut ElementState,
     ctx: &mut ViewCtx,
@@ -294,7 +276,6 @@ pub(crate) fn teardown_element<State, Action, Element, SeqMarker>(
     State: 'static,
     Action: 'static,
     Element: 'static,
-    SeqMarker: 'static,
     Element: DomNode<ElementProps>,
 {
     let mut dom_children_splice = DomChildrenSplice::new(
@@ -309,34 +290,31 @@ pub(crate) fn teardown_element<State, Action, Element, SeqMarker>(
 }
 
 /// An element that can change its tag, it's useful for autonomous custom elements (i.e. web components)
-pub struct CustomElement<State, Action, SeqMarker> {
+pub struct CustomElement<State, Action> {
     name: Cow<'static, str>,
-    children: Box<dyn DomViewSequence<State, Action, SeqMarker>>,
+    children: Box<dyn DomViewSequence<State, Action>>,
 }
 
 /// An element that can change its tag, it's useful for autonomous custom elements (i.e. web components)
-pub fn custom_element<State, Action, SeqMarker, Children>(
+pub fn custom_element<State, Action, Children>(
     name: impl Into<Cow<'static, str>>,
     children: Children,
-) -> CustomElement<State, Action, SeqMarker>
+) -> CustomElement<State, Action>
 where
     State: 'static,
     Action: 'static,
-    SeqMarker: 'static,
+    Children: DomFragment<State, Action>,
-    Children: ViewSequence<State, Action, ViewCtx, AnyPod, SeqMarker, DynMessage>,
 {
     CustomElement {
         name: name.into(),
         children: Box::new(children),
     }
 }
-
+impl<State, Action> ViewMarker for CustomElement<State, Action> {}
-impl<State, Action, SeqMarker> View<State, Action, ViewCtx, DynMessage>
+impl<State, Action> View<State, Action, ViewCtx, DynMessage> for CustomElement<State, Action>
-    for CustomElement<State, Action, SeqMarker>
 where
     State: 'static,
     Action: 'static,
-    SeqMarker: 'static,
 {
     type Element = Pod<web_sys::HtmlElement, ElementProps>;
 
@@ -403,32 +381,26 @@ macro_rules! define_element {
         define_element!($ns, ($ty_name, $name, $dom_interface, stringify!($name)));
     };
     ($ns:expr, ($ty_name:ident, $name:ident, $dom_interface:ident, $tag_name:expr)) => {
-        pub struct $ty_name<State, Action, SeqMarker> {
+        pub struct $ty_name<State, Action> {
-            children: Box<dyn DomViewSequence<State, Action, SeqMarker>>,
+            children: Box<dyn DomViewSequence<State, Action>>,
         }
 
         /// Builder function for a
         #[doc = concat!("`", $tag_name, "`")]
         /// element view.
-        pub fn $name<
+        pub fn $name<State: 'static, Action: 'static, Children: DomFragment<State, Action>>(
-            State: 'static,
-            Action: 'static,
-            SeqMarker: 'static,
-            Children: ViewSequence<State, Action, ViewCtx, AnyPod, SeqMarker, DynMessage>,
-        >(
             children: Children,
-        ) -> $ty_name<State, Action, SeqMarker> {
+        ) -> $ty_name<State, Action> {
             $ty_name {
                 children: Box::new(children),
             }
         }
 
-        impl<State, Action, SeqMarker> View<State, Action, ViewCtx, DynMessage>
+        impl<State, Action> ViewMarker for $ty_name<State, Action> {}
-            for $ty_name<State, Action, SeqMarker>
+        impl<State, Action> View<State, Action, ViewCtx, DynMessage> for $ty_name<State, Action>
         where
             State: 'static,
             Action: 'static,
-            SeqMarker: 'static,
         {
             type Element = Pod<web_sys::$dom_interface, ElementProps>;
 
@@ -485,8 +457,8 @@ macro_rules! define_elements {
     ($ns:ident, $($element_def:tt,)*) => {
         use super::{build_element, rebuild_element, teardown_element, DomViewSequence, ElementState};
         use crate::{
-            core::{MessageResult, Mut, ViewId, ViewSequence},
+            core::{MessageResult, Mut, ViewId, ViewMarker},
-            AnyPod, DynMessage, ElementProps, Pod, View, ViewCtx,
+            DomFragment, DynMessage, ElementProps, Pod, View, ViewCtx,
         };
         $(define_element!(crate::$ns, $element_def);)*
     };

xilem_web/src/events.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 use std::{borrow::Cow, marker::PhantomData};
 use wasm_bindgen::{prelude::Closure, throw_str, JsCast, UnwrapThrowExt};
 use web_sys::AddEventListenerOptions;
-use xilem_core::{MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewId, ViewPathTracker};
+use xilem_core::{MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewId, ViewMarker, ViewPathTracker};
 
 use crate::{DynMessage, ElementAsRef, OptionalAction, ViewCtx};
 
@@ -224,6 +224,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+impl<V, State, Action, Event, Callback> ViewMarker for OnEvent<V, State, Action, Event, Callback> {}
 impl<V, State, Action, Event, Callback, OA> View<State, Action, ViewCtx, DynMessage>
     for OnEvent<V, State, Action, Event, Callback>
 where
@@ -327,6 +328,7 @@ macro_rules! event_definitions {
             pub(crate) phantom_event_ty: PhantomData<fn() -> (State, Action)>,
         }
 
+        impl<V, State, Action, Callback> ViewMarker for $ty_name<V, State, Action, Callback> {}
         impl<V, State, Action, Callback> $ty_name<V, State, Action, Callback> {
             pub fn new(element: V, handler: Callback) -> Self {
                 Self {

xilem_web/src/lib.rs

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ pub use optional_action::{Action, OptionalAction};
 pub use pointer::{Pointer, PointerDetails, PointerMsg};
 pub use style::{style, ElementWithStyle, IntoStyles, Style, Styles, WithStyle};
 pub use xilem_core as core;
+use xilem_core::ViewSequence;
 
 /// A trait used for type erasure of [`DomNode`]s
 /// It is e.g. used in [`AnyPod`]
@@ -169,6 +170,26 @@ where
     type Props = P;
 }
 
+/// An ordered sequence of views, or sometimes also called fragment, it's used for `0..N` [`DomView`]s.
+/// See [`ViewSequence`] for more technical details.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// fn huzzah(clicks: i32) -> impl xilem_web::DomFragment<i32> {
+///     (clicks >= 5).then_some("Huzzah, clicked at least 5 times")
+/// }
+/// ```
+pub trait DomFragment<State, Action = ()>:
+    ViewSequence<State, Action, ViewCtx, AnyPod, DynMessage>
+{
+}
+
+impl<V, State, Action> DomFragment<State, Action> for V where
+    V: ViewSequence<State, Action, ViewCtx, AnyPod, DynMessage>
+{
+}
+
 /// A container, which holds the actual DOM node, and associated props, such as attributes or classes.
 /// These attributes are not directly set on the DOM node to avoid mutating or reading from the DOM tree unnecessarily, and to have more control over the whole update flow.
 pub struct Pod<E, P> {

xilem_web/src/pointer.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use wasm_bindgen::{prelude::Closure, throw_str, JsCast, UnwrapThrowExt};
 use web_sys::PointerEvent;
 
-use xilem_core::{MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewId, ViewPathTracker};
+use xilem_core::{MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewId, ViewMarker, ViewPathTracker};
 
 use crate::{interfaces::Element, DynMessage, ElementAsRef, ViewCtx};
 
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ pub fn pointer<T, A, F: Fn(&mut T, PointerMsg), V: Element<T, A>>(
     }
 }
 
+impl<V, State, Action, Callback> ViewMarker for Pointer<V, State, Action, Callback> {}
 impl<State, Action, Callback, V> View<State, Action, ViewCtx, DynMessage>
     for Pointer<V, State, Action, Callback>
 where

xilem_web/src/style.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use std::{
     marker::PhantomData,
 };
 use wasm_bindgen::{JsCast, UnwrapThrowExt};
-use xilem_core::{MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewElement, ViewId};
+use xilem_core::{MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewElement, ViewId, ViewMarker};
 
 use crate::{vecmap::VecMap, DomNode, DynMessage, ElementProps, Pod, PodMut, ViewCtx};
 
@@ -299,6 +299,7 @@ impl<E, T, A> Style<E, T, A> {
     }
 }
 
+impl<E, T, A> ViewMarker for Style<E, T, A> {}
 impl<T, A, E> View<T, A, ViewCtx, DynMessage> for Style<E, T, A>
 where
     T: 'static,

xilem_web/src/svg/common_attrs.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 
 use peniko::Brush;
-use xilem_core::{MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewId};
+use xilem_core::{MessageResult, Mut, View, ViewId, ViewMarker};
 
 use crate::{
     attribute::{ElementWithAttributes, WithAttributes},
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ fn brush_to_string(brush: &Brush) -> String {
     }
 }
 
+impl<V, State, Action> ViewMarker for Fill<V, State, Action> {}
 impl<State, Action, V> View<State, Action, ViewCtx, DynMessage> for Fill<V, State, Action>
 where
     State: 'static,
@@ -116,6 +117,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+impl<V, State, Action> ViewMarker for Stroke<V, State, Action> {}
 impl<State, Action, V> View<State, Action, ViewCtx, DynMessage> for Stroke<V, State, Action>
 where
     State: 'static,

xilem_web/web_examples/counter/src/main.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use xilem_web::{
     document_body,
     elements::html as el,
     interfaces::{Element, HtmlButtonElement, HtmlDivElement},
-    App,
+    App, DomFragment,
 };
 
 #[derive(Default)]
@@ -50,9 +50,15 @@ fn btn(
     el::button(label).on_click(click_fn)
 }
 
+/// And functions that return a sequence of views.
+fn huzzah(state: &mut AppState) -> impl DomFragment<AppState> {
+    (state.clicks >= 5).then_some("Huzzah, clicked at least 5 times")
+}
+
 fn app_logic(state: &mut AppState) -> impl HtmlDivElement<AppState> {
     el::div((
         el::span(format!("clicked {} times", state.clicks)).class(state.class),
+        huzzah(state),
         el::br(()),
         btn("+1 click", |state, _| state.increment()),
         btn("-1 click", |state, _| state.decrement()),