287 lines
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HTML
287 lines
12 KiB
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<a title="Protocols Reference"></a>
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<p class="primary">
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<a href="index.html">NumericAnnex Reference</a>
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(100% documented)
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<a href="https://github.com/xwu/NumericAnnex">View on GitHub</a>
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<a href="dash-feed://https%3A%2F%2Fxwu%2Egithub%2Eio%2FNumericAnnex%2Fdocsets%2FNumericAnnex%2Exml">Install in Dash</a>
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<a href="Classes/Random.html">Random</a>
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<a href="Classes/Random/Xoroshiro.html">– Xoroshiro</a>
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<a href="Functions.html#/s:12NumericAnnex3absAA7ComplexVyxGAeA4RealRzs9DecodableRzs9EncodableRzs33_ExpressibleByBuiltinFloatLiteralRzlF">abs(_:)</a>
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<a href="Functions.html#/s:12NumericAnnex3absAA8RationalVyxGAEs9DecodableRzs9EncodableRzs13SignedIntegerRzs021_ExpressibleByBuiltinH7LiteralRzs08UnsignedH09Magnitudes0A0PRpzAkM_AKQZANRSlF">abs(_:)</a>
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<a href="Functions.html#/s:12NumericAnnex5roundAA8RationalVyxGAEs9DecodableRzs9EncodableRzs13SignedIntegerRzs021_ExpressibleByBuiltinH7LiteralRzs08UnsignedH09Magnitudes0A0PRpzAkM_AKQZANRSlF">round(_:)</a>
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<a href="Protocols/PRNG.html">PRNG</a>
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<a href="Protocols/Real.html">Real</a>
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<a href="Structs/Complex.html">Complex</a>
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<a href="Structs/Rational.html">Rational</a>
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<a href="Typealiases.html#/s:12NumericAnnex12RoundingRulea">RoundingRule</a>
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<a href="Typealiases.html#/s:12NumericAnnex4Signa">Sign</a>
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<article>
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<section>
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<div class="wrapper">
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<div class="overview">
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<h1>Protocols</h1>
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<p>The following protocols are available globally.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</section>
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<section class="toc">
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<details open>
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<summary>Topics</summary>
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<div class="wrapper">
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#/s:12NumericAnnex4PRNGP">PRNG</a></li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#/s:12NumericAnnex4RealP">Real</a></li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#/s:12NumericAnnex4MathP">Math</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</details>
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</section>
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<section>
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<div class="wrapper">
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<div class="group">
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<ul>
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<li>
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<div>
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<a name="/s:12NumericAnnex4PRNGP"></a>
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<a name="//apple_ref/swift/Protocol/PRNG" class="dashAnchor"></a>
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<h4>
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<code>PRNG</code>
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</h4>
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</div>
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<div class="abstract">
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<p>A pseudo-random number generator (PRNG).</p>
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<p>Reference types that conform to <code>PRNG</code> are infinite sequences of
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pseudo-random elements. Protocol extension methods iterate over such a
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sequence as necessary to generate pseudo-random values from the desired
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distribution.</p>
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<h2 id='considerations-for-conforming-types' class='heading'>Considerations for Conforming Types</h2>
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<p>For clarity to end users, custom PRNGs may be implemented in an extension to
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<code><a href="Classes/Random.html">Random</a></code>. For instance, the <code>xoroshiro128+</code> algorithm is implemented in a
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final class named <code><a href="Classes/Random/Xoroshiro.html">Random.Xoroshiro</a></code>.</p>
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<p>The static methods <code>_entropy(_:)</code> and <code>_entropy(_:count:)</code> return
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cryptographically secure random bytes that may be useful for seeding your
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custom PRNG. However, these methods may return <code>nil</code> if the requested number
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of random bytes is not available, and they are not recommended as a routine
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source of random data.</p>
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<h2 id='adding-other-probability-distributions' class='heading'>Adding Other Probability Distributions</h2>
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<p>Many built-in protocol extension methods make use of the primitive,
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overloaded method <code>_random(_:bitCount:)</code>. You may wish to use the same
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method in new protocol extension methods that return pseudo-random
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values from other probability distributions.</p>
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<p>The method <code>_random(_:bitCount:)</code> generates uniformly distributed binary
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floating-point values in the half-open range [0, 1) with a precision of
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either <code>bitCount</code> or the significand bit count of the floating-point type,
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whichever is less. Additionally, this method generates uniformly distributed
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unsigned integers in the half-open range [0, 2 ** <em>x</em>), where ** is the
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exponentiation operator and <em>x</em> is the lesser of <code>bitCount</code> and the bit
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width of the integer type.</p>
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<p>For end users, however, the recommended spelling for a uniformly distributed
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numeric value is <code>uniform()</code>; that method is overloaded to permit custom
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minimum and maximum values for the uniform distribution.</p>
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<a href="Protocols/PRNG.html">See more…</a>
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</div>
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<div class="declaration">
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<h5>Declaration</h5>
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<div class="language">
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<p class="aside-title">Swift</p>
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<pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">protocol</span> <span class="kt">PRNG</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">IteratorProtocol</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">Sequence</span>
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<span class="k">where</span> <span class="kt">Element</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt">FixedWidthInteger</span> <span class="o">&</span> <span class="kt">UnsignedInteger</span><span class="p">,</span>
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<span class="kt">SubSequence</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt">Sequence</span><span class="p">,</span>
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<span class="kt">Element</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="kt">SubSequence</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="kt">Element</span></code></pre>
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="group">
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<ul>
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<li>
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<div>
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<a name="/s:12NumericAnnex4RealP"></a>
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<a name="//apple_ref/swift/Protocol/Real" class="dashAnchor"></a>
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<h4>
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<code>Real</code>
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</h4>
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</div>
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<div class="abstract">
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<p>A floating-point type that supports elementary functions and a selection of
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special functions.</p>
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<p>The <code>Real</code> protocol provides a suitable basis for writing functions that
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work on any floating-point type that supports the required functions.</p>
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<a href="Protocols/Real.html">See more…</a>
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</div>
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<div class="declaration">
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<h5>Declaration</h5>
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<div class="language">
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<p class="aside-title">Swift</p>
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<pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">protocol</span> <span class="kt">Real</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt"><a href="Protocols/Math.html">Math</a></span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">FloatingPoint</span></code></pre>
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</div>
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</div>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="group">
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<ul>
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<li>
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<div>
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<a name="/s:12NumericAnnex4MathP"></a>
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<a name="//apple_ref/swift/Protocol/Math" class="dashAnchor"></a>
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<h4>
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<code>Math</code>
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</h4>
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</div>
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<div class="abstract">
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<p>A signed numeric type that supports elementary functions.</p>
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<p>The <code>Math</code> protocol provides a suitable basis for writing functions that
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work on any real or complex floating-point type that supports the required
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functions.</p>
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<a href="Protocols/Math.html">See more…</a>
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</div>
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<div class="declaration">
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<h5>Declaration</h5>
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<div class="language">
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<p class="aside-title">Swift</p>
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<pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">protocol</span> <span class="kt">Math</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt">SignedNumeric</span></code></pre>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p>© 2017 <a class="link" href="https://diploid.ca" target="_blank" rel="external">Xiaodi Wu</a>. All rights reserved. (Last updated: 2017-08-12)</p>
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